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Chapter 8
Cell Energy (Photosynthesis)
29
Biology
10th Grade
09/30/2012

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Term
Pigment
Definition
Light absorbing colored molecule.
Term
proton
Definition
Postively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
Term
enzyme
Definition
Protein that acts as a biological catalyst.
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
Organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.
Term
Thylakoid
Definition
Saclike body in chloroplasts made of photosynthetic membranes that contain photosystems.
Term
Autotroph
Definition
Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds.
Term
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Definition
One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy.
Term
ATP Synthase
Definition
Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP to a phosphate group together to produce ATP.
Term
ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
Definition
Consists of a nitrogen-containg compound called adenine, a 5 carbon sugar called ribose, and two phosphate groups.
Term
Calvin Cycle
Definition
Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy compounds such as sugars.
Term
photosystems
Definition
Clusters of pigment and protein that absorb light energy.
Term
reactants
Definition
Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction.
Term
glucose
Definition
High energy sugar created by photosynthesis.
Term
denaturing
Definition
The change in shape of a protein at extremes of temperature or pH.
Term
biochemical pathway
Definition
Set of reactions in which the product of one reaction goes on to be the reactant in the next reaction.
Term
light-dependent reactions
Definition
Reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH.
Term
stroma
Definition
Region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts.
Term
chloroplast
Definition
Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis.
Term
Granum
Definition
a stack of thylakoids.
Term
carotenoids
Definition
Pigments that are yellow or orange, not green.
Term
polysaccharide
Definition
Large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides.
Term
electron
Definition
Negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus.
Term
Chemosynthesis
Definition
Process by which some organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.
Term
ions
Definition
Atom that has a positive or negative charge.
Term
Electron transport chain
Definition
Series of proteins in which high energy electrons are used to convert ADP to ATP.
Term
products
Definition
Element or compound produced by chemical reactions.
Term
NADP(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
Definition
One of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electons from chlorophyll to other molecules
Term
visible light
Definition
Portion of the radiation spectrum used by plants for photosynthesis.
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