Term
| programs and policies developed to ensure that qualified minority group members are not discriminated against in the workplace, school admission, and the like. Affirmative action policies generally apply to race, ethnicity, and gender, among other categories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a system that institutionalized and legalized inferiority, mandating the segregation of different racial groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs when two groups come into contact and the minority group abandons their traditional culture to embrace the dominant culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a set of actions based on prejudice and stereotypes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a group that is set apart from other groups by language and cultural traditions. Ethnic groups share a common ancestry, history, or culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| social category that depends on an assumption of inherent cultural differences to rate and organize social groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the planned, systematic destruction of a racial, political, or ethnic group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| term coined by William Graham Sumner (1906) for the “us” in an “us” and “them” division of the social world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most subtle and pervasive type of discrimination, it is deeply embedded in such institutions as the educational system, the business world, health care, criminal justice, and the mass media. These social institutions promote discriminatory practices and traditions that have such a long history they just “seem to make sense,” and minority groups become the victims of systematic oppression, even when only a few people, or none at all, are deliberately trying to discriminate |
|
Definition
| institutional discrimination |
|
|
Term
| the physical intermingling of the races organized as a concerted legal and social effort to bring equal access and racial equality through racial mixing in institutions and communities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a group whose members experience privilege and access to power because of their group membership. With regard to race, lighter-colored skin usually means membership in the majority group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
an interlocking system of control in which each type of inequality
reinforces the others, so that the impact of one cannot be fully understood without also
considering the others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
a group one is born into, which has a distinguishable identity and whose
members have less power and access to resources than other groups in society because of
that group membership |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| term coined by William Graham Sumner (1906) for the “them” in the “us” and “them” division of the social world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prejudice applied to members of a group in clear, manifest ways, such as speech, discrimination, or a refusal to associate with members of that group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
maintains that different groups in a stable society can treat each other with mutual respect and that minority cultures can maintain their own distinctiveness and still
participate in the greater society without discrimination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a set of beliefs and attitudes that cause us to negatively pre-judge people based on their social location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
social category, still poorly defined, that depends on an assumption of biological
distinction to rate and organize social groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a particularly powerful form of prejudice that includes not only a belief in general stereotypes but also a belief that one race (usually White) is inherently superior to the others. Racism is a prejudice that is systematically applied to members of a group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a convenient, weak and socially approved target for economic or social loss or insecurity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the practice of physically separating Whites from other races by law and custom in institutions and communities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| generalizations about a group that are oversimplified and exaggerated and that fail to acknowledge individual differences in the group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| systematic prejudice applied to members of a group in quiet or even unconscious ways; a simple set of mental categories that one may possess about a group based on stereotypes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
when a single member of a minority group is present in an office, workplace, or classroom and is seen as a representative of that minority group rather than as an
individual |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Important African American sociologist who argued that “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scholars whose controversial book The Bell Curve argued that intelligence is correlated with race |
|
Definition
| Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray |
|
|
