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Chapter 8
test study
30
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/21/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Learning

 


 

 

Definition
relatively permanant change in an organisms behavior due to experience
Term

Unconditioned Response (UR)

 

 

Definition
unlearned, naturally occuring response to US
Term

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

 

 

 

 

Definition
stimulus that unconsitionally triggers a response(happens automatically)
Term

Conditioned response (CR)

 

 

 

Definition
learned response to previous neutral stimulus (CS)
Term

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

 

 

 

Definition
stimulus that after association with the US comes to trigger a conditioned response
Term

acquisition

 

 

Definition
initial learning
Term

extinction

 

 

 

Definition
diminishing of CR
Term

spontaneous recovery

 

 

Definition
reappearance, after a pause, of extinguished CR
Term

generalization

 

Definition

 

tendancy for stimuli similar to CS to elect same response

Term

discrimination

 

 

Definition
ability to distinguish between CS and stimuli different
Term

learning conditioning

 

 

Definition
type of learning where behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Term

respondent behavior

 

 

Definition
behavior occurs as automatic response to some stimulus
Term

operant behavior

 

 

Definition
behavior that operates on envirnment, producing consiquences
Term

law of effect

 

 

Definition
rewarded behavior is likely to recur
Term

shaping

 

 

Definition
reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximation of the desired behaviors
Term

reinforcer

 

Definition

 

any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Term

primary reinforcer

 

 

Definition
innately reinforcing stimulus such as one that satisfies a biological need
Term

conditioned reinforcer

 

 

Definition
gains reinforcing power through primary reinforcers
Term

fixed ratio schedules

 

 

Definition
reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
Term

variable ratio schedules

 

 

Definition
reinforcers a response only after unpredictable number of responses
Term

fixed interval schedule

 

Definition

 

reinforces a response inly after a specified time has elapsed (1st response after fixed time period)

Term

variable interval schedule

 

 

Definition
reinforces a response after 1st response after varying time intervals
Term

cognitive map

 

 

Definition
mental representation of ones environment
Term

latent learning

 

 

Definition
learning that becomes apparent only when there is some incentive to demonstrate it
Term

intrinsic learning

 

 

Definition
desire to perform a behavior for its own sake
Term

extrinsic motivation

 

 

Definition
desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment
Term

Observational learning

 

 

Definition
learning by observing others
Term

modeling

 

 

Definition
process of observing and initiating a specific behavior
Term

prosocial behavior

 

 

Definition
positive, constructive, and helpful behavior
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