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Chapter 8
Gender Identity and Gender Roles
22
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
11/14/2011

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Cards

Term
Gender
Definition
the social construction of femininity and masculinity
Term
gender identity
Definition
your sense of self as a man or woman
Term
gender role
Definition
includes everything you feel, think, say, and do that shows to yourself and others that you are, in fact, a man or a woman; the way you express your gender identity
Term
chromosomes
Definition
23 pairs in a human cell; rod-shaped structures that determine a person's inherited characteristics
Term
What determines the genetic sex of a child?
Definition
The sperm from the father
Term
What must be added in order for an XY combination to result in a male baby?
Definition
testosterone
Term
girls have 2 _ _ chromosomes and boys have 2 _ _ chromosomes
Definition
girls XX boys XY
Term
wolffian duct system
Definition
if allowed to develop, will become male structures
Term
mullerian duct system
Definition
if allowed to develop, will become female structures
Term
SRY gene
Definition
smidgen of the Y chromosome (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) that determines maleness
Term
mullerian duct-inhibiting substance
Definition
additional substance secreted from testicles (activated by the SRY gene), which causes ducts to shrink
Term
What happens to embryos with an XX combination (genetically female)?
Definition
If there is no Y chromosome (chemical substance that converts primitive gonads into testicles), the primitive gonads will eventually develop into ovaries; absence of large levels of testosterone results in the shrinkage of the Wolffian duct system and development of the Mullerian duct system
Term
nature has programmed everyone for female development unless..
Definition
there is a high level of testosterone at a critical stage (7th week) of prenatal development
Term
which part of the brain differs between men and women? 
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
intersexuals
Definition
individuals born with a combination of male and female anatomical features, or in which chromosomal sex is inconsistent with anatomical sex
Term
Klinefelter's syndrome
Definition
condition with one or more extra X chromosomes (XXY or XXXY); men who have both masculine characteristics (because of Y chromosome) and feminine features (because of the XX chromosomes)
Term
physical features of Klinefelter's syndrome
Definition
long arms, poor muscular development, enlarged breasts and hips, small penis with shrunken testicles, and low sexual desire
Term
Turner's syndrome
Definition
condition in which there is only one X chromosome (XO); happens in women; ovaries never properly develop, never menstruate, do not develop breasts at puberty
Term
hermaphroditism
Definition
condition in which a person is born with both male and female reproductive systems as a result of the primitive glands failing to differentiate properly during the embryonic stage
Term
physical attributes of hermaphrodite
Definition
usually genetically female; usually always has uterus; usually has an ovary and Fallopian tube on one side and a testicle and vas deferens and/or epididymis on the other 
Term
pseudo-hermaphroditism
Definition

a condition in which a person with an XX or XY chromosome pattern is born with the proper set of gonads (ovaries or testicles), but whose external genitalia are either ambiguous or that of the other sex

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