Term
| Rosalind Franklin and James Waston with Francis Crick |
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Definition
| Who is responsible for the structure of DNA? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is Bacterial and Archaeal DNA organized? |
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Term
| the DNA exists as a single, circular chromosome |
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Definition
| How does DNA exist within the nucleoid? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is highly compacted within a chromosome? |
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Term
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Definition
| Many microbial cells contain these that carry nonessential but often useful information |
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Term
1.) Inititation
2.) Elongation
3.) Termination
4.) Leading strand and lagging strand |
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Definition
| Name the different parts of the highly regulated DNA replication process? |
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Term
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Definition
| identifies the flow of genetic material (DNA -> RNA -> protein) |
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Term
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Definition
| copies genetic information into RNA |
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Term
messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)
ribosome RNA (rRNA) |
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Definition
| Name the different types of RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA serves as a template for new mRNA molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| The genetic code consisting of 3 letter words |
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Term
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Definition
| This can specify more than on specific amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of making the polypeptide at the ribosome |
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Term
1.) Chain Initiation
2.) Chain Elongation
3.) Chain Termination/Release |
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Definition
| Name the Different Stages of Translation |
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Term
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Definition
| Many antibiotics interfere with this, and it can be controlled in several ways |
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Term
| They are compartmentalized within prokaryotic cells |
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Definition
| Where does Transcription and Translation take place? |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent changes in the DNA, can be spontaneous or induced, physical or chemical, and it can be heritable |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutation that occurs naturally |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutation that is synthesized within a laboratory |
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Term
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Definition
| nitrous acid is an example because it causes an altered sequence in DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| an example is UV light because it causes thymine dimers that cause DNA strands to bulk out or express genes or synthesize proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| silent base pair substitution that does not result in change in base and amino acid sequences because of multiple codons can be redundant so that it does not change |
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Term
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Definition
| there is base pair substitutions or deletion and it changes the amino acid sequences, which shifts everything making different codons |
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Term
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Definition
| base pair deletion or insertion of seqeuences and introduces a stop codon to stop the process |
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Term
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Definition
| attempt to correct mistakes or damage in the DNA because cells have the ability to repair damaged DNA |
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Term
Mismatch Repair
Excision Repair |
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Definition
| Name Two types of Repair Mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| when nucleotides do not match they get cut out so that the right pair can be added |
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Term
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Definition
| the enzyme nuclease, cuts out the entire sequence that is mutated, by a thymine dimer e.g., and DNA polymerase fixes the strand that was cut out |
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Term
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Definition
| These genetic elements can cause mutations |
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Term
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Definition
| Barbara McClintock discovered these in maize |
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Term
| Transposons and Insertion Sequences |
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Definition
| these move from one DNA location to another |
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Term
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Definition
| seqeuences that jump and randomly insert into a strand and can cause insertion and deletion mutations |
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