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| a sheet pf fibrous connective tissue that encloses a muscle |
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| sheets of connective tissue that attach muscles |
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| contractile fibers in muscle cells |
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| a protein that, with actin, forms the filaments that contract muscle fibers |
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| a protein that forms filaments that slide between filaments of the protein myosin, contracting muscle fibers |
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| the structural and functional units of a myofibril |
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| membranous network of channels and tubules of a muscle fiber, corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum of other cells. |
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| transverse tubules (T-tubules) |
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| membranous channels that extend inward from a muscle fiber membrane. |
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| a neuron that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to an effector |
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| chemicals that axons secrete on effectors (muscles or glands) or other neurons |
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| the functional connection between the axon of a neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or the membrane of another cell type. |
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| the space between two cells forming a synapse. |
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| neuromuscular junction (NMJ) |
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| synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber |
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| specialized part of a muscle fiber membrane at a neuromuscular junction |
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| a motor neuron and its associated muscle fibers |
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| thick and thin filaments do not change length. They slide past one another, with the thin filaments sliding toward the center of the sarcomere from both ends |
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| a type of neurotransmitter, which is a biochemical secreted at axon ends as many neurons; transmits nerve messages across synapses |
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| an enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine |
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| impulse that travels along the sarcolemma to the transverse tubules |
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| a biochemical that stores energy in muscle tissue |
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| the amount of oxygen required after physical exercise to convert accumulated lactic acid to glucose |
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| oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells |
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| a pigmented protein in muscle that carries oxygen |
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Definition
1. a nerve impulse travels down a motor neuron axon
2. the motor neuron terminal releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)
3. ACh binds to ACh receptors
4. the sarcolemma is stimulated, and a muscle impulse travels over the surface of the muscle fiber and deep into the fiber through the T-tubules
5. The muscle impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium channels open
6. Calcium ions diffuse from ghd sarcoplasmic reticulum ingo ghd sarcoplasm and bind to troponin molecules
7. tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific sites on actin
8. actin and myosin form linkages
9. thin (actin) filaments are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere by myosin cross-bridges
10. the muscle fiber shortens as a contraction occurs |
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Term
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Definition
1. Acetylcholinesterase decomposes ACh and the muscle fiber membrane is no longer stimulated
2. calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
3. ATP breaks linkages between actin and myosin filaments without breakdown of the ATP itself.
4. breakdown of ATP cocks the cross-bridges
5. troponin and tropomyosin molecules inhibit the interaction between myosin and actin filaments
6. the muscle fiber remains relaxed, yet ready, until stimulated again |
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