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offenses that were intrinsically bad, like murder, rape, arson, and theft, and require proof of criminal intent
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| acts those were criminal only because the law defines them as such and may require criminal intent or no proof at all |
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acts of legislature that apply either to named individuals or to easily ascertainable members of a group in such a way as to impose punishments on them without a trial. Ex: US v Brown, an act of Congress that made a Communist serving as an officer of a labor union illegal, was held as unconstitutional as a bill of attainder by the Supreme Court
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| a wrongful act that is classified as voluntary act where the accused caused their body to move in a manner that produces prohibited conduct, as compared to those that are a result of reflexive acts or seizures |
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an alleged criminal offender possesses a criminal state of mind at the time of the act. There must be concurrence of the wrongful act with wrongful intent.
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| a major exception to the requirement that there be a concurrence between the criminal act and intent, as the offender poses a general threat to society at large |
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| when two or more people combine to commit a criminal act |
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| the defendant admits to having acted unlawfully, but argues that no criminal responsibility should be imposed, given the particular circumstances |
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| if an officer provides a person who is previously undisposed to commit the act with the notion of wrongdoing |
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| when an officer takes someone into custody for the purpose of holding the person to answer a criminal charge |
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| prevents the use of evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure in prosecutions |
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| authorized for all accused except for those charged with capital offenses |
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| guilty plea offered at arraignment, it’s an admission of guilt that cannot be used later against the accused as an admission |
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the process by which the accused agrees to enter a plea of guilty, often to a lesser offense, in exchange for a promise by prosecution to recommend a lighter sentence
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| used to test the legality of a person’s detention by the government |
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