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chapter 8 vocab
final vocab
30
Chemistry
10th Grade
05/19/2009

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Term
covalent bond
Definition
a bond formed by sharing of electrons between atoms
Term
molecule
Definition
neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds
Term
diatomic molecule
Definition
molecule with 2 atoms
Term
molecular compound
Definition
compound composed of molecules
Term
molecular formula
Definition
chemical formula of molecular compound
Term
single covalent bond
Definition
bond formed when 2 atoms share a pair of electrons
Term
structural formula
Definition
represents covalent bonds by dashes and show arrangement of covalently bonded atoms
Term
unshared pair
Definition
pair of valence electrons that isn't shared between atoms
Term
double covalent bond
Definition
bond that involves 2 shared pairs of electrons
Term
triple covalent bond
Definition
bond formed by sharing 3 pairs of electrons
Term
coordinate covalent bond
Definition
covalent bond which 1 atom contributes both bonding electrons
Term
polyatomic ion
Definition
tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and has positive or negative charge
Term
bond dissociation energy
Definition
energy required to break bond between 2 covalently bonded atoms
Term
resonance structure
Definition
structure that occurs when it is possible to draw 2 or more valid electron dot structures that have the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion
Term
molecular orbitals
Definition
orbitals that apply to the entire molecule
Term
bonding orbital
Definition
a molecular orbital that can be occupied by 2 electrons of a covalent bond
Term
sigma bond
Definition
when 2 atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical around the axis of the bonded atoms
Term
pi bond
Definition
bonding electrons are most likely to be found in sausage shaped regions above and below the axis of the bonded atoms
Term
tetrahedral angle
Definition
109.5* - results when a central atom forms 4 bonds directed toward the center of a regular tetrahedron
Term
VSEPR theory
Definition
valence shell electron pair repulsion
Term
hybridization
Definition
when several atomic orbitals mix to form the same total number of equivalent hybid orbitals
Term
nonpolar covalent bond
Definition
when atoms in the bond pull equally and the bonding electrons are shared equally
Term
polar bond
Definition
covalent bond between atoms; electrons shared unequally
Term
polar molecule
Definition
one end of the molecule is slightly negative while the other is slightly positive
Term
dipole
Definition
molecule with 2 poles
Term
van der Waals forces
Definition
the 2 weakest attractions between molecules
Term
dipole interactions
Definition
occur when polar molecules are attracted to one another
Term
dispersion forces
Definition
the weakest of all molecular interactions caused by the motion of electons
Term
hydrogen bonds
Definition
attractive forces in which a hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair of another electronegative atom
Term
network solids
Definition
solids in which all of the atoms are covalently bonded to each other
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