Term
|
Definition
| the totality of an organisms chemical reactions consisting of catabolic anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a series of chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| releases energy by breakiing down complex molecules to simplier compounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simplier compunds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. the overall flow and transformation of energy in an organism
2. study of how energy flows through organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capacity to cause change; do work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy associated with the relative motion of objects moving matter can perform work by importing motion to other matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total amount of kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spacila arrangement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy abailable in molecules for release in a chemical reaction; a form of potential energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter |
|
|
Term
| first law of thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| principle of conservation of energy; energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destoryed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of disorder, randomness |
|
|
Term
| second law of thermosdynamics |
|
Definition
| pricible stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of a biological system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spontaneious chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-spontaneous chemical reaction, in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction |
|
|
Term
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
|
Definition
| releases free energy when its phosphate bons are hydrolyzed. this energy is used to drive endergonic reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| referring to a molecule that is covalently bonded to a phosphate group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a macromolecule serbing as a catalyst, a chemical agent that chages the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reactant on which an enzyme works |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a temporary coplex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the specific portion of an enzyme that binds the substate by means of multiple weak interactions and that forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| induced by entry of the substate, the change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organic molecule serving as a cofactor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place ot hte substrate whose sturcture in mimics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remoste from the active site, changing the enzymes shape so that the active site no longer functions effectively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a kind of allosteric regulation whereby a shape change in one subunit of a protein caused by substrate binding is transmittted to all the others, facilitating binding of susequent substarte molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway. |
|
|
