Term
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Definition
a small seizure in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds
AB-sensz SEE-zyoor |
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Definition
a chemical substance in the body tissues that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses from one nerve to another. Stimulant/excitatory effect on some parts such as skeletal muscles and depressant/inhibitory effect on some parts such as heart muscle. also known as neurotransmitter
ah-seh-till-KOH-leen |
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Definition
transmit impulses toward the CNS, also known as sensory nerves
AFF-er-ent nerves |
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Definition
loss of mental ability to understand sensory stimuli (such as sight, sounds, or touch) even though the sensory organs are functioning properly
ag-NOH-zee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
inability to convert one's thoughts into writing
ah-GRAFF-ee-ah |
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Definition
the inability to understand written words
ah-LEK-see-ah |
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Definition
without sensitivity to pain
an-al-JEE-zee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
without feeling or sensation
an-ess-THEE-zee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
localized dilatation in the wal of an artery that expands with each pulsation of the artery; usually caused by hypertension or atherosclerosis
AN-yoo-rizm |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs because of an injury to or disease in certain areas of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
inability to perform coordinated movements or use objects properly; not associated with sensory or motor impairment or paralysis
ah-PRAK-see-ah |
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Term
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Definition
the weblike middle layer of the 3 membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord
ah-RAK-noyd MEM-brayn |
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Term
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Definition
| star-shaped neuroglial cell found in the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
a tumor of the brain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes
ass-troh-sigh-TOH-mah |
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Term
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Definition
without muscular coordination
ah-TAK-see-ah |
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Term
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Definition
sensation an individual experiences prior to the onset of a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure. may be a sensation of light or warmth & may precede the attack by hours or only a few seconds
AW-rah |
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Term
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Definition
the part of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary vital functions of the body, such as the activities involving the heart muscle, smooth muscles, and the glands. divided into the SNS and the PNS
ANS
aw-toh-NOM-ik NER-vus SIS-tem |
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Term
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Definition
transports impulses away from nerve cell body
AK-son |
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Term
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Definition
protective characteristic of the capillary walls of the brain that prevents passage of harmful substances from bloodstream into brain tissue or CSF
BLUD-BRAIN -BAIR-ree-er |
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Term
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Definition
abnormally slow movement
brad-ee-kih-NEE-see-ah |
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Term
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Definition
| stemlike portion of brain that connects cerebral hemisphere with spinal cord. contains the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. |
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Definition
| positive sign of meningitis, in which there is involuntary flexion of the arm, hipp, and knee when te patient's neck is passively flexed. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hole drilled into the skull using a form of drill |
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Term
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Definition
lower end of the spinal cord and the roots of the spinal nerves that occupy the spinal canal below the level of the 1st lumbar vertebrae; named because it resembles a horse's tail
KAW-dah ee-KWY-nah |
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Term
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Definition
sensation fo an acute burning pain along the path of a peripheral nerve, sometimes accompanied by erythema of the skin, due to injury to peripheral nerve fibers
kaw-SAK-jee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
| part of nerve cell that contains nucleus and most cytoplasm |
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Definition
one of 2 main division of nervous system, consisting of brain and spinal cord
CNS |
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Definition
pain in the head; headache
seff-ah-LAL-jee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
part of brain responsible for coordinating voluntary muscular movement; located behind brain stem
ser-eh-BELL-um |
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Term
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Definition
a brief interruption of brain function, usually with a loss of consciousness lasting for a few seconds. usually caused by blunt trauma (a blow) to the head
ser-REE-bral con-KUSH-shun |
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Term
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Definition
small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain; better described as a "Bruise" of brain tissue occurring when the brain strikes the inner skull
seh-REE-bral con-TOO-zhun |
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Term
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Definition
thin outer layer of nerve tissue, known as gray matter, that covers surface of cerebrum
seh-REE-bral COR-teks |
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Term
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Definition
fluid flowing from brain and around spinal cord, protect from physical blow or impact
CSF
ser-he-broh-SPY-nal FLOO-id |
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Term
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Definition
largest and uppermost part of the brain, controls consciousness, memory, sensations, emotions, and voluntary movements
seh-REE-brum |
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Term
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations |
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Definition
abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by periods of apnea followed by deep rapid breathing
CHAIN-STOHKS res=pir-AY-shunz |
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Term
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Definition
deep sleep in which individual cannot be aroused, does not respond to external stimuli
COH-ma |
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Term
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Definition
| pertains to being in a coma |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent shortening of a muscle causing a joint to remain in an abnormally flexed position, with resultant physical deformity |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the many elevated folds of the cerebral surface, also called a gyrus |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical incision into the cranium or skull |
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Term
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Definition
| any deficiency or variation of the normal, as in a weakness deficit resulting from a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
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Term
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Definition
progressive irreversible mental disorder. Deteriorating memory, judgement, and ability to think
dee-MEN-shee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction or removal of myelin sheath covering a nerve or nerve fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| projection from cell body that receive impulses and conduct them toward the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the brain located between the cerebrum and the midbrain. Its main structures consist of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland |
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Term
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Definition
| outermost of the 3 membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
condition characterized by an impairment of the ability to read. Letters and words are often reversed when reading.
dis-LEK-see-ah |
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Term
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Definition
difficult speech
dis-FAY-zee-ah |
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Definition
| transmitters of nerve impulses away from CNS, also known as motor nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal condition in which a blood clot (embolus) becoes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood within the vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| space immediately outside the dura mater that contains a supporting cushion of fat and other connective tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of sudden brief attacks of seizures which may vary from mild-unnoticeable to full-scale convulsive seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| deep groove on the surface of an organ |
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Term
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Definition
| space covered by tough membrane between bones of an infant's cranium, "soft spot" |
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Definition
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Definition
| knotlike mass of nerve tissue found outside the brain or spinal cord, plural = ganglia |
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Definition
| part of nervous system where axons are not covered with myelin sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| one of many elevated folds on surface of cerebrum, plural = gyri |
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Term
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Definition
| slight or partial paralysis of left or right side of body |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of one half of body, left or right side |
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Term
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Definition
| acute infection caused by same virus that causes chickenpox, characterized by painful vesicular lesions along path of a spinal nerve. also called shingles |
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Term
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Definition
excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as pain or touch
high-per-ess-THEE-zee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive muscular movement and physical activity; hyperactivity |
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Term
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Definition
| a part of the brain located below thalamus; control functions such as body temp, sleep, and appetite |
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Term
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Definition
| connecting neurons that conduct impulses from afferent nerves to or towards motor nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| diagnostic sign for meningitis marked by person's inability to extend leg completely when thigh is flex upon abdomen and person is sitting or lying down |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of muscle movement |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of being sluggish, see stupor |
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Term
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Definition
| deep groove in middle of cerebrum, divides it into right and left hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 of 3 parts of brain stem, most essential part in that it contains the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the 3 layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| small neuroglial cells found in the interstitial tissue of nervous system that engulf cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens within the nerve tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| uppermost part of the brain stem |
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Term
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Definition
| see efferent nerves, transmit impulses away from CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| protective sheath that covers axons of many nerves. acts as an electrical insulator and helps speed conduction of nerve impulses. |
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Definition
| uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| cordlike bundle of nerve fibers, macroscopic, transmit impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| injection of a local anesthetic along the course of a nerve(s) to eliminate sensation to the area supplied by nerve(s); also known as conduction anesthesia |
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Term
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Definition
severe, sharp, spasmlike pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves
noo-RAL-hee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of a nerve
noo-RYE-tis |
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Term
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Definition
supporting tissue of nervous system
noo-ROG-lee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
physician who specializes in treating disease and disorders of the nervous system
noo-RAL-oh-jist |
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Term
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Definition
study of nervous system and its disorders
noo-RAL-oh-jee |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
physician who specializes in surgery of nervous system
noo-roh-SIR-jun |
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Term
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Definition
any surgery involving the nervous system
noo-roh-SIR-jer-ee |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical substance within body that activates or inhibits transmission at synapses |
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Term
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Definition
| rigidity of the neck, resistant to flexion, condition seen in patients with meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| type of neuroglial cells found in interstitial tissue of nervous system, its dendrite projection coil around axons of many neurons to form myelin sheath |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
paralysis of lower extremities and trunk, usually due to spinal cord injuries
pair-ah-PLEE-jee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
| nerves of the ANS, regulat essential involuntary body functions. slow heart rate, increasing peristalsis, increase glandular secretions, relax sphincters |
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Term
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Definition
copying or producing the same effects as those of the parasympathetic nerves
pair-ah-sim-pah-thoh-mim-ET-ic |
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Term
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Definition
a sensation of numbness or tingling
pair-ess-THEE-zee-ah |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
part of nervous system outside of the CNS, consisting of 12 pairs of cranial nervers and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which certain cells engulf and destroy microorganisms and cellular debris |
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Term
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Definition
| innermost of the 3 membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| small cone-shaped structure (in diencephalon) thought to be involved in regulating the body's biological clock, produces melatonin, also called pineal gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| network of interwoven nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| part of between between medulla oblongata and midbrain. Acts as bridge to connect medulla oblongata and cerebellum to upper portions of brain |
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Term
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Definition
paralysis of all 4 extremities and the trunk of the body; caused by injury to spinal cord at level of cervical vertebrae
kwod-rih-PLEE-jee-ah |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical resection of a spinal nerve root, done to relieve pain. also called a rhizotomy |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory nerve ending, receives impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical resection of a spinal nerve root, done to relieve pain, also called radiculotomy |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation fo sciatic nerve, characterized by pain along nerve, radiating through thing and down back of leg |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| tube or passage that diverts or redirects body fluid from one cavity or vessel to another, may be congenital defect or artificially constructed, as in shunts treating hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| part of PNS with voluntary control over skeletal muscle |
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Definition
| any agent or factor capable of initiating a nerve impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| state of lethargy, person is unresponsive and seems unaware of surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| space located just under arachnoid membrane that contains cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| space located just beneath the dura matter, contains serous fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| depression or shallow groove on organ surface as in a sulcus that separates convolutions of cerebral hemispheres. plural = sulci |
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Definition
| nerves of ANS that regulate involuntary functions, prepare for fight or flight. raise heart rate, constrict blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| copying/producing same effect as sympathetic nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| space between axon and dendrite |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| receives all sensory stimuli except smell and relays them to cerebral cortex, located between cerebral hemispheres and midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal condition in which a clot develops in a blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| seizure characterized by presence of muscle contraction/tension followed by relaxation, creates a jerking movement of body |
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Term
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Definition
| small hollow within the brain filled with CSF |
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Term
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Definition
| injury to cervical vertebrae & supporting structures due to sudden back-and-forth jerking of head & neck, common in rear-end car accidents |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the nervous system axons covered with myelin sheaths, appear white |
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Term
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Definition
| deterioration of a person's intellectual functioning. Progressive and extremely debilitating. from minor memory loss it progresses to complete loss of mental, emotional, and physical functioning. often age 65+ |
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Term
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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Definition
severe weakening & wasting of involved muscle groups, caused by decreased nerve innervation to muscle groups. hands to shoulders, upper arms, and legs
ALS |
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Term
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Definition
| absence o brain and spinal cord at birth, incompatibile with life, congenital |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary or permanent unilateral weakness/paralysis of muscles in face following trauma to face, unknown infection, or tumor pressing on facial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| localized accumulation of pus in brain tissue due to infectious process |
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Term
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Definition
| pinching/compression of median nerve within carpal tunnel due to inflammation & swelling of tendons |
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Term
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Definition
collective term to describe congenital brain damage, characterized by child's lack of control of voluntary muscles. forms are spastic, ataxic, athetoid/dyskinetic, and mixed
CP |
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Term
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Definition
death of a portion of brain tissue due to ischemia to brain, also called stroke
CVA |
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Term
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Definition
| deterioration of intervertebral disk, usually due to constant motion and wear on the disk |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of brain or spinal cord tissue, largely due to virus entering CNS during measles, mumps, or mosquito/tick bite |
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Term
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Definition
| epileptic seizure characterized by sudden loss of consciousness, generalized involuntary muscular contraction, vacillating between rigid body extension and an alternating contracting and relaxing of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| small seizure where loss of consciousness lasts only a few seconds, also known as absence seizure |
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Term
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Definition
| acute polyneuritis (inflammation of many nerves) of the PNS, myelin sheaths on axons are destroyed. causes decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, sudden muscle weakness. often follows viral gastrointestinal or respiratory infection |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring, pulsating, vascular headache usually developing on 1 side of head, characterized by slow onset, sometimes aura precedes, during which sensory disturbance occurs such as confusion or some visual interference (flashing lights) |
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Term
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Definition
| typically occurs 2-3 hours after falling asleep, extreme pain around one eye that wakens the person |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by long, endured contraction of skeletal muscles around face, scalp, upper back, and neck |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of blood located above dura mater and just below skull |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of blood between dura mater and arachnoid layers of meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| ruptured disk center, pushes through disk wall and causes pressure on spinal cord or nerve roots in spinal canal |
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Term
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Definition
| inherited neurological disease characterized by rapid, jerky movement and increasing dementia due to effects on basal ganglia o the neurons |
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