Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of how behavior changes over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| False assumption that because one event occurred before another event, it must have caused that event |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research design that examines people of different ages at a single point in time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effects observed in a sample of participants that result from individuals in the sample growing up at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research design that examines development in the same group of people on multiple occasions over time |
|
|
Term
| Gene-environment interaction |
|
Definition
| Situation in which the effects of genes depend on the environment in which they are expressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ball of identical cells early in pregnancy that haven't yet begun to take on any specific function in a body part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Second to eighth week of prenatal development during which limbs facial features and major organs of the body take form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Period of prenatal development from the ninth week until birth after all major organs are established and physical maturation is the primary change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Environmental facts that can exert a negative impact on prenatal development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bodily motion that occurs as a result of self-initiated force that moves the bones and muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of how children learn, think, reason, communicate and remember |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Piagetian process of absorbing new experience into current knowledge structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Piagetian process of altering a belief to make it more compatible with experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stage in Piagets theory characterized by a focus on the here and now without the ability to represent experiences mentally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of view |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stage in Piaget's theory charaterized by the ability to construct mental representations of experience, but not yet perform operations on them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inability to see the world from others' perspectives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Piagetian task requiring children to understand that despite a transformation in the physical presentation of an amount, the amount remains the same |
|
|
Term
| Concrete operations stage |
|
Definition
| Stage in Piaget's theory characterized by the ability to perform mental operations on physical events only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stage in Piaget's theory characterized by the ability to perform hypothetical reasoning beyond the here and now |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vygotskian learning process in which parents provide initial assistance in children's learning but gradually remove structure as children become more competent |
|
|
Term
| Zone of proximal development |
|
Definition
| Phase of learning during which children can benefit from instruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to reason about what other people know or believe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fear of strangers developing at 8 or 9 months of age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The strong emotional connection we share with those to whom we feel closest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon observed in which baby birds begin to follow around and attach themselves to any large moving object they see in the hours immediately after hatching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive emotions resulting from touch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basic emotional style that appears early in development and is largely genetic in origin |
|
|
Term
| Average expectable environment |
|
Definition
| Environment that provides children with basic needs for affection and discipline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals' sense of being male or female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behaviors that tend to be associated with being male or female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transition between childhood and adulthood commonly associated with the teenage years |
|
|
Term
| Primary sex characteristics |
|
Definition
| The reproductive organs and genitals that distinguish the sexes |
|
|
Term
| Secondary sex characteristics |
|
Definition
| Sex-differentiating charateristics that don't relate directly to reproduction, such as breast enlargement in women and deepening voices in men |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Our sense of who we are and our life goals and priorities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dilemma concerning an individual's relations to other people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supposed phase of adulthood characterized by emotional distress about the aging process and an attempt to regain youth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alleged period of depression in mothers following the departure of their grown children from the home |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The termination of menstruation, marking the end of a woman's reproductive potential |
|
|
