Term
| Chromosomes become visable when ________ |
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Definition
| the nuclear membrane breaks down |
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Term
| Sorting and distributing chromosomes is _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| period between divisions of cell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most Adult cells are in which stage |
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Definition
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Term
| G1 and G2 are the ____ stages |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in Synthesis |
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Definition
| each 23 sets of chromosomes creates another identical set |
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Term
| division of a whole cell is called ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen bases and # of hydrogen bonds between them |
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Definition
adenine-thymine 2
guanine-cytosine 3 |
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Term
| other components of chromosomes besides nitrogen bases |
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Definition
| deoxyribose sugar, phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
Binding of enzymes to existing DNA
Unwinding the double helix
synthesis of a new matching strand for each old one |
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Term
| Place where enzymes bind to chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| combination of DNA and proteins is called a ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA repels itself because____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What keeps the DNA from getting tangled and helps it fit in the nucleus? How? |
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Definition
| Nucleosomes (made up of histones) has a slightly positive charge and the DNA wraps itself around it |
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Term
| Nucleosomes combined with DNA is called____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an environmental factor that mutates cells |
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Term
| process of repairing mutated cells |
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Definition
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Term
| sister chromotids are connected at the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| seperation of sister chromotids is called _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| daughter cells with abnormal number of chromosomes are called ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
prophase- nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosmes condense, microtubules go around nucleus and form mitotic spinle and then attatch to proteins and form spindle poles, microtubules bind to kinetochore,
metaphase- chromosomes are in ring between two poles and form mitaphase plate
anaphase- enzymes break down centromere, sister chromotids seperate to spindle poles
telophase- necluer envelope re-froms around the chromosomes, forming 2 cells |
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Term
| protein complex in centromere is called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| cyclins are highest when and activate what? What are the two types? |
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Definition
| G1 cyclins peak in S phase, mitotic cyclins peak in metaphase. they activate kinases |
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Term
| process of tumor spreading through body |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 signals cancerous cells ignore |
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Definition
| proto-oncogenes (regulare cell cycle) and tumor surpressors (checkpoints) |
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Term
| when cell is halted it is in _______ |
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Definition
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