Term
|
Definition
| Rules that regulate social life,including explicit laws and implicit cultural conventions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a given social position that is governed by a set of norms for proper behaviour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a program of shared rules that govern the behaviour of people in a community or society, and a set of values, beliefs, and customs shared by most members of that community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How close people normally stand to one another when they are speaking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time, money, or effort |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area in social psychology concerned with social influences on though,, memory, perception, and beliefs |
|
|
Term
| Social-cognitive neuroscience |
|
Definition
| a new specialty that draws upon technologies from neuroscience to study the emotional and social processes underlying beliefs, prejudices, and social behaviour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theory that people are motivated to explain their own and other peoples behaviour by attributing causes that behavior to a situation or a disposition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| identifying the cause of an action as something in the situation or environment |
|
|
Term
| Dispositional Attribution |
|
Definition
| identifying the cause of an action as something in the person such as a trait or a motive |
|
|
Term
| Fundamental attribution error |
|
Definition
| the tendency, in explaining other peoples behaviour, to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of the situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency, in explained ones own behaviour to take credit for ones good actions and rationalized ones mistakes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to explain favourably the behaviours of members of groups to which we belong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the notion that many people need to believe that the world is a fair and that justice is served, that bad people are punished and good people rewarded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thinking that the victim of an action must have done something to deserve what happened tr to provoke it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a belief about people, groups, ideas, or activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an attitude that we are aware of that shapes our conscious decisions and actions, and that can be measured on self-report questionnaires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an attitude that we are unaware of, that may influence our behaviour in ways we do not recognize, and that is measure in various indirect ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent or when a persons belief is incongruent with his or her behaviour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency of people to feel more positively toward a person, item, or product, or other stimulus the more familiar they are with it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency of people to believe that a statement is true or valid simply because it has been repeated many times |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persuasive techniques designed to suppress an individuals ability to reason, think critically, and make choices in his or her own best interests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency for all members of a group to think alike for the sake of harmony and to suppress disagreement |
|
|
Term
| Diffusion of responsibility |
|
Definition
| in groups, the tendency of members to avoid taking action because they assume that others will |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in crowds, individuals' failure to take action or call for help because they assume that someone else will do so |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in work groups. where each member of a team slows down, letting others work harder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in groups or crowds, the loss of awareness of one's own individuality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the willingness to take selfless or dangerous action on behalf of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of a person's self concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, religious or political group, occupation, or other social affiliation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a persons identification with a racial or ethnic group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which members of minority groups come to identify with and feel part of the mainstream culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Person had strong ties both to his or her ethnicity and to the larger culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person has week feelings of ethnicity but strong sense of acculturation |
|
|
Term
| Ethnic separatist identity |
|
Definition
| person has a weak sense of ethnic identity bu t weak feelings of acculturation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person feels connected to neither his or her ethnicity nor the dominant culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief that ones own ethnic group, nation or religion is superior to all others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a summary impression of a group, in which a person believes that all members of the group share a common trait or traits (positive, negative, or neutral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a strong, unreasonable dislike or hatred of a group, based on negative sterotypes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sexism that reflects active dislike of women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sexism in which superficially positive attitudes put women on a pedestal but nonetheless reinforce women's subordination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prejudice declines when people have the change to get used to one another's rule, food, music, customs, and attitudes, thereby discovering their shared interested and shared humanity |
|
|
