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Chapter 7 - Vocabulary
Basic Vocabulary
111
Medical
Undergraduate 1
10/29/2012

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Term
Respiratory System
Definition
Supplies the blood with oxygen for transportation to the cells in all parts of the body
Term
Upper Respiratory Tract
Definition
Consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
Term
Lower Respiratory Tract
Definition
Consists of the Bronchial tree and lungs
Term
Nasal Septum
Definition
a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections
Term
Cilia
Definition
the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter air to remove debris
Term
Mucous Membranes
Definition
lines the parts of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems
Term
Mucus
Definition
a slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes that protects and lubricates these tissues.
Term
Olfactory Receptors
Definition
nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell
Term
Tonsils
Definition
located in the back of the mouth; help protect the body from infection coming from the nose or mouth.
Term
Adenoids
Definition
Located behind the nose and the roof of the mouth; help protect the body from infection coming from the nose or mouth
Term
Paranasal Sinuses
Definition
air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane; located in the bones of the skull
Term
Frontal Sinuses
Definition
located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows
Term
Sphenoid Sinuses
Definition
located in the sphenoid bone right behind the eye and under the pituitary gland; close to the optic nerves
Term
Maxillary Sinuses
Definition
the largest of the paranasal sinuses; located in the maxillary bones underneath the eyes
Term
Ethmoid Sinuses
Definition
located in the ethmoid bones between the nose and the eyes, are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the orbital cavity by a thin layer of bone
Term
Pharynx
Definition
Throat; receives the air after it passes through the nose or mouth, as well as food.
Term
Nasopharynx
Definition
the first division, posterior to the naval cavity and continues downward to behind the mouth; used only for the transport of air
Term
Oropharynx
Definition
the second division; the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth
Term
Laryngopharynx
Definition
the third division; air, food, and fluids continue down to the openings of the esophagus and the trachea
Term
Larynx
Definition
Voice Box; a triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea
Term
Epiglottis
Definition
a lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and lungs
Term
Trachea
Definition
transports air to and from the lungs; the tube is located directly in front of the esophagus
Term
Bronchi
Definition
two large tubes which branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs
Term
Bronchioles
Definition
the smallest branches of the bronchi
Term
Pulmonary
Definition
means relating to or affecting the lungs
Term
Lungs
Definition
the essential organs of respiration
- Right Lung
- Left Lung
Term
Right Lung
Definition
larger and has three lobes: upper, middle, and lower
Term
Left Lung
Definition
has only two lobes: upper and lower, because it has to make room for the heart
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs. contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes
Term
Pleura
Definition
a thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
Term
Parietal Pleura
Definition
the outer layer of the pleura lines the walls of he thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm, and forms the sac containing each lung
Term
Visceral Pleura
Definition
the inner layer of pleura that covers each lung, attached directly to the lungs
Term
Pleural Cavity
Definition
the thin fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes.
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
a dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen. the contraction and relaxation of this muscle makes breathing possible
Term
Phrenic Nerves
Definition
stimulate the diaphragm to cause it to contract
Term
Respiration
Definition
the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide that is essential to life. one respiration consists of one inhalation and one exhalation
Term
Inhalation
Definition
the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward
Term
Exhalation
Definition
the act of breathing out as the diaphragm relaxes
Term
External Respiration
Definition
the act of bringing air in and out of the lungs from the outside environment and in the process, exchanging O2 for CO2
Term
Internal Respiration
Definition
Cellular Respiration; the exchange of gases within the cells of the blood and tissues
Term
Thoracic Surgeon
Definition
performs operations on the organs inside the thorax, or chest, including the heart, lungs, and esophagus
Term
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Definition
a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it hard to breathe
Term
Chronic Bronchitis
Definition
a disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to inhaled irritant
Term
Emphysema
Definition
the progressive, long-term loss of lung function usually due to smoking
Term
Asthma
Definition
a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction
Term
Airway Inflammation
Definition
the swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus
Term
Upper Respiratory Infections
Definition
the common cold; any one of 200 different viruses
Term
Allergic Rhinitis
Definition
allergic reaction that causes an increased flow of mucus
Term
Croup
Definition
an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords
Term
Diphtheria
Definition
an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract.
Term
Epistaxis
Definition
nosebleed
Term
Influenza
Definition
flu; an acute, highly contagious viral infection characterized by respiratory inflammation, fever, chills, and muscle pain.
Term
Pertussis
Definition
Whooping Cough; a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration
Term
Aphonia
Definition
the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
Term
Dysphonia
Definition
Difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality
Term
Pleurisy
Definition
inflammation of the pleura
Term
Pleural Effusion
Definition
the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. prevents the lung from fully expanding
Term
Pyothorax
Definition
empyema of the pleural cavity
Term
Empyema
Definition
refers to a collection of pus in a body cavity
Term
Hemothorax
Definition
a collection of blood in the pleural cavity
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lungs to fully collapse or partially collapse
Term
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Definition
a lung condition usually caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke or fumes, inhaled vomit, or sepsis
Term
Tuberculosis
Definition
an infectious disease caused by Myobacterium Tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs but can attack other parts of the body
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids
Term
Aspiration Pneumonia
Definition
can occur when a foreign substance is inhaled into the lungs
Term
Bacterial Pneumonia
Definition
most commonly caused by streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
Community-acquired pneumonia
Definition
a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic
Term
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
Definition
a type of pneumonia acquired during a stay in a hospital when a patient's defenses are impaired
Term
Walking Pneumonia
Definition
a milder but longer-lasting form of the disease caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma Pneumoniae. the patient is often not bedridden with this type of pneumonia
Term
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Definition
an oppurtunistic infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis Carinii
Term
Viral Pneumonia
Definition
can be caused by several different types of viruses, accounts for approximately a third of all pneumonias
Term
Interstitial Lung Disease
Definition
refers to a group of almost 200 disorders that can cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures
Term
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Definition
the progressive formation of scar-tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing
Term
Cystic Fibrosis
Definition
a life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally think mucus.
Term
Lung Cancer
Definition
Leading cause of cancer-related death in the US; a condition where cancer cells form in the lungs
Term
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Definition
an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea. Sometimes occur in comatose patients or those nearing death.
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
Shortness of Breath; Labored Breathing
Term
Hyperventilation
Definition
an abnormally rapid rate of respiration that is usually related with anxiety; decreases the level of CO2 in the blood ' causing dizziness and tingling in the fingers and toes.
Term
Sleep Apnea
Definition
a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long-enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels
Term
Expectoration
Definition
the act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid.
Term
Hemoptysis
Definition
the expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary hemorrhage
Term
Airway Obstruction
Definition
Choking; occurs when food or a foreign object partially or completely blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs
Term
Asphyxia
Definition
the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get enough oxygen to function
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
Term
Respiratory Failure
Definition
Respiratory Acidosis;a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of CO2 becomes dangerously high; serious; Can result from a chronic condition or suddenly
Term
Smoke Inhalation
Definition
Damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent the normal exchanges of gas
Term
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Definition
the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy, sleeping infant between the ages of 2 months and 6 months. Cause is unknown but suspected to be a heart problem or interruption in breathing
Term
Chest X-ray
Definition
Chest Imaging; valuable tool for diagnosing pneumonia, lung cancer, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, tuberculosis, and emphysema
Term
Peak Flow Meter
Definition
an inexpensive handheld device used to let patients with asthma measure air flowing out of the lungs, revealing any narrowing of the airways in advance of an asthma attack
Term
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Definition
a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by using a spirometer
Term
Spirometer
Definition
a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the amount of time required for each breath
Term
Pulse Oximeter
Definition
an external monitor placed on the patient's fingertips or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood
Term
Phlegm
Definition
thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages
Term
Sputum
Definition
Phlegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes
Term
Tuberculin Skin Testing
Definition
a screening test for tuberculosis in which the skin of the arm is injected with a harmless antigen extracted from TB bacteria
Term
Mantoux PPD Skin Test
Definition
considered a more accurate skin test for diagnosing tuberculosis; very small amount of PPD tuberculin is injected just under the top layer of skin on the forearm. site is checked for a reaction 48 to 72 hours later
Term
Antitussive
Definition
Cough Medicine; administered to prevent or relieve coughing
Term
Bronchodilator
Definition
medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs.
Term
Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI)
Definition
Administers a specific amount of medication such as bronchodilator in aerosol form.
Term
Nebulizer
Definition
an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece
Term
Endotracheal Intubation
Definition
the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway, especially when the patient is on a ventilator
Term
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)
Definition
a procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus
Term
Wedge Resection
Definition
a surgery in which a small wedge-shaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue around the cancer
Term
Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS)
Definition
the use of a thoracoscope to view the inside of the pleural cavity through very small incisions
Term
Diaphragmatic Breathing
Definition
a relaxation technique used to alleviate anxiety
Term
CPAP Machine (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
Definition
a noninvasive ventilation device used in the treatment of sleep apnea
Term
BiPAP Machine (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure)
Definition
like a CPAP machine, except it can be set to a higher pressure for inhaling and a lower pressure for exhaling
Term
Ambu Bag
Definition
an emergency resuscitator used to assist ventilation
Term
Ventilator
Definition
Respirator; a mechanical device for the artificial respiration that is used to replace or supplement a patient's natural breathing function
Term
Supplemental Oxygen
Definition
Administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood from breathing normal air
Term
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Definition
Involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to three times higher than normal.
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