Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing; in an adult this is normally 500 cc |
|
|
Term
| inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) |
|
Definition
| the air that can be forcibly nhaled after a normal respiration has taken place; also called complemental air; generally measures around 3000 cc |
|
|
Term
| expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
|
Definition
| the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled aftera normal quiet respiration; this is also called supplemental air; approximately 1000 cc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation; about 1500 cc in the adult |
|
|
Term
| inspiratory capacity (IC) |
|
Definition
| the volume of air inhaled after a normal exhale |
|
|
Term
| functional residual capacity (FRC) |
|
Definition
| the air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation has taken place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation; this amount will be equal to the sum of TV, IRV, and ERV |
|
|
Term
| total lung capacity (TLC) |
|
Definition
| the volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of a bronchus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of a bronchus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instrument to view inside of bronchus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary muscle spasm of bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of the voice box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the voice box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the voice box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paralysis of the voice box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle spasms in the voice box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of a (lung) lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insufficient oxygen in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical fixation of the pleura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition of nose fungus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid flow (of blood) from the nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of all the sinuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to inside the trachea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| create an opening in the trachea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision into the trachea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficult, labored breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive (deep) breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insufficient (shallow) breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (sitting) straight breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of the sense of smell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; some of the common causes are drowning, foreign body in the respiratory tract, poisoning, and electric shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of listening for sounds within the body; generally performed with an instrument to amplify sounds, such as a stethoscope |
|
|
Term
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
|
Definition
| abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10 to 60 seconds) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| placing a tube through the mouth, through the glottis, and into the trachea to create a patent airway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to breathe both fast (tachypnea) and deep (hyperpnea) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to breathe both slow (bradypnea) and shallow (hypopnea) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a physician who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of internal organs such as the respiratory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two-pronged plastic device for delivering oxygen into the nose; one prong is inserted into each nares |
|
|
Term
| otorhinolaryngology (ENT) |
|
Definition
| branch of medicine that treats conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using the fingertips to tap on a surface to determine the condition beneath the surface; determined in part by the feel of the surface as it is tapped and the sound generated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick mucus secreted by the membranes that line the respiratory tract; examined for color, odor, and consistency; called sputum if it is coughed through the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grating sound made when the two layers of the pleura rub together during respiration; it is caused when one of the surfaces becomes thicker as a result of inflammation or other disease conditions; this rub can be felt through the fingertips when they are placed on the chest wall or heard through the stethoscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a physician who specializes in treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| containing pus or an infection that is producing pus; pus consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells, and tissue debris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal crackling sound made during inspiration; usually indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the airways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| somewhat musical sound made during expiration, often found in asthma or infection; caused by spasms of the bronchial tubes; also called wheezing |
|
|
Term
| shortness of breath (SOB) |
|
Definition
| term used to indicate that a patient is having some difficulty breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the lining of the respiratory tract; it is tested to determine what type of bacteria or virus is present as an aid in selecting the proper antibiotic treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an instrument used to listen to body sounds such as breath sounds or bowel sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| harsh, high-pitched noisy breathing sound that is made when there is an obstruction of the bronchus or larynx; found in conditions such as croup in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a physician who specializes in treating conditions and diseases of the respiratory system by surgical means |
|
|
Term
| adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
|
Definition
| acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of coal dust in the lung; also called black lung or miner's lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs; may lead to the development of lung cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease caused by various conditions, such as allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways and labored respirations; can cause violent spasms of the bronchi (bronchospasms) but is generally not a life-threatening condition; medication can be very effective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition in which the alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; can be caused by a variety of conditions, including pressure on the lung from a tumor or other object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from a dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi, and can be the result of infection; this abnormal stretching can be irreversible and result in destruction of the bronchial walls; the major symptom is a large amount of purulent (pus-filled) sputum; rales (bubbling chest sound) and hemoptysis may be present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi; usually associated with a history of cigarette smoking |
|
|
Term
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
|
Definition
| progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible condition in which the lungs have a diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation); the person may have difficulty breathing upon exertion (dyspnea) and a cough; also called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of chronic lung disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute respiratory condition found in infants and children that is characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hereditary condition that causes the exocrine glands to malfunction; the patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system; through more advanced treatment, many children are now living into adulthood with this disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hernia in which the stomach protrudes through a hole in the diaphragm and puts pressure on the organs within the thoracic cavity; also known as hiatal hernia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by the formation of a thick membranous film across the throat and a high mortality rate; rare now due to the DPT vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary condition characterized by the destruction of the walls of the alveoli resulting in a large, overexpanded air sac; can occur as a result of long-them heavy smoking; air pollution also worsens this disease; the patient may not be able to breath except in a sitting or standing position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pus within the pleural space, usually associated with an infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary infection caused by fungus in dust in the droppings of pigeons and chickens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe, often fatal disease characterized by pneumonia and gastrointestinal symptoms; caused by a bacteria |
|
|
Term
| paroxysmal noctural dyspnea (PND) |
|
Definition
| attacks of shortness of breath (SOB) that only occur at night and awaken the patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commonly called whooping cough, due to the whoop sound made when coughing; an infectious disease that children receive immunization against as apart of their DPT shots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx; usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection; commonly called a sore throat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal presence of fluid in the pleural cavity; physicians can detect the presence of fluid by tapping the chest (percussion) or listening with a stethoscope (auscultation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the pleura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition that is the result of inhaling environmental particles that become toxic; can be the result of inhaling coal dust (anthracosis) or asbestos (asbestosis) |
|
|
Term
| Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) |
|
Definition
| pneumonia with a nonproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea; seen in persons with weakened immune systems, such as AIDS patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammatory condition of the lung that can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals; results in the filling of the alveoli and air spaces with fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, which may result in the collapse of the lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition in which lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid; results in labored breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood clot or air bubble in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches; may cause an infarct in the lung tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| watery discharge from the nose, especially with allergies or a cold; commonly called a runny nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the inhalation of silica (quartz) dust |
|
|
Term
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
|
Definition
| unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; most commonly affects the respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification of the system |
|
|
Term
| arterial blood gases (ABGs) |
|
Definition
| testing for the gases present in the blood; generally used to assist in determining the levels of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| x-ray of the lung after a radiopaque substance has been inserted into the trachea or bronchial tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using a bronchoscope to view inside the bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taking a radiographic picture of the lungs and heart from the back and sides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| examination of the interior of the larynx with a lighted instrument |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injecting dye into a blood vessel for the purpose of taking an X-ray of the arteries and veins of the lungs |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary function test (PFT) |
|
Definition
| a group of diagnostic tests that give information regarding air flow in and out of the lungs, lung volumes, and gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instrument consisting of a container into which a patient can inhale or exhale for the purpose of measuring the air capacity of the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using a device to measure the breathing capacity of the lungs |
|
|
Term
| sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S) |
|
Definition
| testing sputum by placing it on a culture medium and observing any bacterial growth; the specimen is then tested to determine antibiotic effectiveness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| testing for malignant cells in sputum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a test for cystic fibrosis; patients with this disease have an abnormally large amount of salt in their sweat |
|
|
Term
| tuberculin skin tests (TB test) |
|
Definition
| applying a chemical agent (Tine or Mantoux tests) under the surface of the skin to determine if the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| ventilation-perfusion scan |
|
Definition
| a nuclear medicine diagnostic test that is especially useful in identifying pulmonary emboli; radioactive air is inhaled for the ventilation portion to determine if air is filling the entire lung; radioactive intravenous injection shows whether or not blood is flowing to all parts of the lung |
|
|
Term
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
|
Definition
| emergency treatment provided by persons trained in this and given to patients when their respirations and heart stop; this provides oxygen to the brain, heart, and other vital organs until medical treatment can restore a normal heart and pulmonary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique for removing a foreign body from the trachea or pharynx by exerting diaphragmatic pressure |
|
|
Term
| hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
|
Definition
| use of oxygen udner greater than normal pressure to treat cases of smoke inhalation, carbon monoxide poisoning, and other conditions; in some cases the patient is placed in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber for this treatment |
|
|
Term
| intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) |
|
Definition
| method for assisting patients in breathing using a mask that is connected to a machine that produces an increased pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of lung tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drainage of secretions from the bronchi by placing the patient in a position that uses gravity to promote drainage; used for treatment of cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and before a lobectomy |
|
|
Term
| thoracentesis or thoracocentesis |
|
Definition
| surgical puncture of the chest wall for the removal of fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insertion of a tube into the chest for the purpose of draining off fluid or air; also called chest tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a surgical procedure, often performed in an emergency, that creates an opening directly into the trachea to allow the patient to breathe easier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kills bacteria causing respiratory infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks the effects of histamine that has been released by the body during an allergy attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relaxes muscle spasms in bronchial tubes; used to treat asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduces stuffiness and congestion throughout the respiratory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| improves the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquefies mucus so it is easier to cough and clear it from the respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute respiratory disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adult respiratory distress syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute respiratory failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic obstructive lung disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus injection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expiratory reserve volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional residual capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermittent positive pressure breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infant respiratory distress syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inspiratory reserve volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paroxysmal noctural dyspnea (also postnasal drip) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purified protein derivative (tuberculin test) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respiratory distress syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden infant death syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temperature, pulse, and respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper respiratory infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
