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Chapter 7, 8, 9
Radio, TV, Video Games
230
Communication
Undergraduate 1
03/25/2015

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

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Term
First audio device permitting the reception of wireless voices; developed by Fessenden:
Definition
Liquid Barreter
Term
Vacuum tube developed by DeForest that became the basic invention for all radio and television:
Definition
Audition tube
Term
In broadcast regulation, the idea that broadcasters serve as the public's trustees or fiduciaries:
Definition
Trustee model
Term
Broadcast spectrum space is limited, so not everyone who wants to broadcast can; those who are granted licenses must accept regulation
Definition
Spectrum scarcity
Term
A broadcasting station that aligns itself with a network:
Definition
Affiliate
Term
A broadcasting station that is owned and operated by a network:
Definition
O&O
Term
10 to 100 watt nonprofit community radio stations with a reach of only a few miles:
Definition
Low Power FM (LPFM)
Term
A radio station's particular sound or programming content:
Definition
Format
Term
A radio station's second, or nonprimary, format:
Definition
Secondary Service
Term
Predetermined sequence of selected records to be played by a disc jockey:
Definition
Playlist
Term
Total sale of broadcast airtime:
Definition
Billings
Term
Percentage of a market's total population that is reached by a piece of broadcast programming:
Definition
Rating
Term
Relaxation of ownership and other rules for radio and television:
Definition
Deregulation
Term
Single ownership and management of multiple radio stations in one market:
Definition
Duopoly
Term
Recording of one artist's music by another:
Definition
Cover
Term
In record retailing, albums more than three years old:
Definition
Catalogue albums
Term
In record retailing, albums out for 15 months to three years:
Definition
Recent catalogue albums
Term
Sale of radio or television content to stations on a market-by-market basis:
Definition
Syndication
Term
Home delivery of audio by cable:
Definition
DMX (Digital Music Express)
Term
Direct home or automobile delivery of audio by satellite:
Definition
Digital audio radio service (DARS)
Term
Land-based digital radio relying on digital compression technology to simultaneously transmit analog and one or more digital signals using existing spectrum space:
Definition
Terrestrial Digital Radio
Term
Digital radio technology that uses digital compression to "shrink" digital and analog signals, allowing both to occupy the same frequency:
Definition
In-Band-On-Channel(IBOC)
Term
The delivery of "radio" over the Internet directly to individual listeners:
Definition
Web radio
Term
Recording and downloading of audio files stored on servers:
Definition
Podcasting
Term
"Radio stations" that can be accessed only over the world wide web:
Definition
Bitcasters
Term
The simultaneous downloading and accessing(playing) of digital audio or video data:
Definition
Streaming
Term
Recording based on conversion of sound into 1s and 0s logged in millisecond intervals in a computerized translation process:
Definition
Digital recording
Term
File compression software that permits streaming of digital audio and video data:
Definition
MP3
Term
A device that translates digital computer information into an analog form so it can be transmitted through telephone lines:
Definition
Modem
Term
Freely downloaded software:
Definition
Open Source Software
Term
The illegal recording and sale of copyrighted material:
Definition
Piracy
Term
Peer-to-peer software that permits direct Internet-based communication or collaboration between two or more personal computers while bypassing centralized servers:
Definition
P2P
Term
Sites allowing users to store all their digital music online and stream it to any computer or digital device anywhere:
Definition
Cloud-music services
Term
File sharing software that allows users to create "swarms" of data as they simultaneously download and upload "bits" of a given piece of content:
Definition
BitTorrent
Term
Identifying and granting ownership of a given piece of expression to protect the creators' financial interest in it:
Definition
Copyright
Term
watching television on our own schedules, not the programmer's:
Definition
Nonlinear TV
Term
First workable device for generating electrical signals suitable for the transmission of a scene:
Definition
Nipkow Disc
Term
the smallest picture element in an electronic imaging system such as a television or computer screen:
Definition
Pixel
Term
First practical television camera tube, developed in 1923:
Definition
Iconoscope tube
Term
Improved picture tube developed by Zworykin for RCA:
Definition
Kinescope
Term
Copper-clad aluminum wire encased in plastic foam insulation, covered by an aluminum outer conductor, and then sheathed in plastic:
Definition
Coaxial cable
Term
Audio and video transmitting system in which super-high-frequency signals are sent from land-based point to land-based point:
Definition
Microwave relay
Term
In broadcasting, selling individual advertising spots on a given program to a wide variety of advertisers:
Definition
Spot commercial sales
Term
Ratings technology; a special remote control with personalized buttons for each viewer in the household:
Definition
Personal peoplemeter
Term
Measure of viewing of a single television episode across all platforms:
Definition
Total Audience Measurement Index (TAMi)
Term
Special television ratings times in February, May, July and November in which diaries are distributed to thousands of sample households in selected markets:
Definition
Sweeps period
Term
The percentage of people listening to radio or of homes using television tuned in to a given piece of programming:
Definition
Share
Term
Measure of viewing of commercials that appear in a specific program within 3 days of its premiere telecast:
Definition
C3 rating
Term
outmoded name for early cable television:
Definition
Community Antenna television (CATV)
Term
Connecting multiple sets in a single location or building to a single, master antenna:
Definition
Master Antenna Television (MATV)
Term
Delivery of distant television signals by cable television for the purpose of improving reception:
Definition
Importation of distant signals
Term
1962 law requiring all television sets imported into or manufactured in the United States to be equipped with both VHF and UHF receivers:
Definition
All-channel legislation
Term
Expression coined by FCC chair Newton Minow in 1961 to describe television content:
Definition
Vast wasteland
Term
Centralized production, distribution, decision-making organization that links affiliates for the purpose of delivering their viewers to advertisers:
Definition
Network
Term
When local affiliates carry a network's program:
Definition
Clear time
Term
Fee paid by a local broadcast station for the right to be a network's affiliate:
Definition
Reverse compensation
Term
Money a local cable operation pays to a broadcast station to carry a signal:
Definition
Retransmission fee
Term
Broadcast industry term for syndicated content that originally aired on a network:
Definition
Off-network
Term
A sample episode of a proposed television program:
Definition
Pilot
Term
Agreement between a television producer and network that guarantees that the network will order at least a pilot or pay a penalty:
Definition
Put
Term
Original programming produced specifically for the syndicated television market:
Definition
First-run syndication
Term
Broadcasting a syndicated television show at the same time five nights a week:
Definition
Stripping
Term
Cable television channels offered to viewers for a fee above the cost of their basic subscription:
Definition
Premium cable
Term
Signals carried by light beams over glass fibers:
Definition
Fiber optics
Term
Grouping of channels made available by a cable or satellite provider to subscribers at varying prices:
Definition
Tiers
Term
In cable television, a second, somewhat more expensive level of subscription:
Definition
Expanded basic cable
Term
A company owning several different cable television operations:
Definition
Multiple system operator (MSO)
Term
Charging cable subscribers by the channel, not for tiers:
Definition
A la carte pricing
Term
Early experiments with over the air pay television:
Definition
Subscription TV
Term
Viewers leaving cable and DBS altogether and relying on Internet-only television:
Definition
Cord-cutting
Term
Taping a show on a VCR for later viewing:
Definition
Time-shifting
Term
Fast-forwarding through taped commercials on a VCR:
Definition
Zipping
Term
Digital recording and playback player and disc, fastest growing consumer electronic product in history:
Definition
Digital Video Disc (DVD)
Term
Video recording device attached to a television, which gives viewers significant control over content:
Definition
Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
Term
A communication channel's information-carrying capacity:
Definition
Bandwidth
Term
A channel with broad information-carrying capacity:
Definition
Broadband
Term
Delivery of digital video images and other information to subscribers' homes:
Definition
Digital Cable Television
Term
Service allowing television viewers to access pay-per-view movies and other content that can be watched whenever they want:
Definition
Video-on-demand (VOD)
Term
Delivering television, VOD, audio, high-speed internet access, long distance and local phone service, multiple phone lines and fax via cable:
Definition
Bundling
Term
Re-creation on television news of some event that is believed to have happened or which could have happened:
Definition
News staging
Term
Outsourcing tasks to an online network of people, the crowd, for cooperative problem-solving and production:
Definition
Crowdsource
Term
Light-emitting semiconductor manipulated under a display screen:
Definition
LED (light-emitting diode)
Term
Display surface in which electric currents of varying voltage are passed through liquid crystal, altering the passage of light through that crystal:
Definition
LCD (liquid crystal display)
Term
Network connecting two or more computers, usually within the same building:
Definition
LAN (local area network)
Term
Video game in which all action is through the eyes of the player:
Definition
First-person perspective game
Term
Video game designed to encourage beneficial physical activity:
Definition
Exergame
Term
Use of video game skills and conventions to solve real-world problems:
Definition
Gamification
Term
A game involving action taking place interactively on-screen:
Definition
Video game
Term
Online text-based interactive game:
Definition
MUD (multiuser dimension)
Term
Companies that create video games for existing systems:
Definition
Third-party publishers
Term
Interactive online game where characters and actions are controlled by other players, not the computer; also called virtual world games:
Definition
Massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMO)
Term
Classic games most often played in spurts and accommodated by small-screen devices:
Definition
Casual games
Term
An attribute of a website; indicates its ability to hold the attention of a user:
Definition
Sticky
Term
Video games in which advertising serves as in-game virtual currency:
Definition
Freemium games
Term
Video games produced expressly to serve as brand commercials:
Definition
Advergames
Term
Primarily online games supporting an idea rather than a product:
Definition
Advocacy games
Term
Immediately after World War I, the U.S. government, concerned that the development of radio would
be delayed by patent fights and that its future would be controlled by a foreign company (British
Marconi), established a government-sanctioned monopoly to run radio, called:
Definition
Radio Corporation of America (RCA)
Term
The ( ) was NOT a part of the creation of the Radio Corporation of America.
Definition
Columbia Broadcasting System
Term
History’s first commercial radio license went to station ( ) in Pittsburgh in 1920.
Definition
KDKA
Term
The first instance of U.S. government regulation of radio was the ( ) passed soon after the passengers of the sinking ship Republic were saved
because that vessel was equipped with a radio.
Definition
Wireless Ship Act of 1910
Term
After the sinking of the Titanic, the U.S. Congress passed the ( ) mandating among other things that wireless operators be licensed by the secretary of commerce
and labor.
Definition
Radio Act of 1912
Term
Online audio file sharing that employs a person-to-person exchange of files while bypassing
centralized servers is called:
Definition
P2P
Term
Web “radio stations” that exist solely on the Web are referred to as:
Definition
Bitcasters
Term
( ) are downloaded recorded music that serves as the alerting
sound on mobile phones.
Definition
Ringtone Downloads
Term
( ) refers to freely downloaded software from the Web.
Definition
Open Source
Term
“Radio” delivered to people’s homes through their cable and/or satellite television services is called:
Definition
DMX
Term
“Radio” delivered directly to people’s homes and cars is called:
Definition
DARS
Term
The ( ) deal is how the music business operated for decades. The
label underwrites the recording, manufacturing, distribution, and promotion of its artists’ music.
Definition
standard distribution
Term
Some people consider ( ) the father of radio, because he was the
first person to send radio waves over long distances.
Definition
Gugliemo Marconi
Term
Some people consider ( ) the father of radio, because he was the first person
to send voices and music over the air.
Definition
Lee DeForest
Term
The primary drawback of the Edison talking machine for sound recording was:
Definition
only one recording
of a given sound could be made; copies were not possible
Term
German immigrant Emile Berliner developed an improved sound recording device in 1887 called the:
Definition
Gramophone
Term
The major advance Berliner’s gramophone brought to sound recording was that:
Definition
it allowed for the
creation of a master, from which copies could be made
Term
Beyond the development of the gramophone, Emile Berliner advanced sound recording through his
importation of well-known music from Europe and the:
Definition
development of a sophisticated
microphone for recording
Term
Marconi’s interest in developing wireless transmission was:
Definition
Point-to-point communication
Term
Canadian inventor ( ) developed the liquid barretter in 1903, making
possible the radio reception of voices.
Definition
Reginald Fessenden
Term
The audion tube, a vacuum tube that improved and amplified wireless signals, was developed in 1906
by:
Definition
Lee DeForest
Term
Lee DeForest’s major contribution to the history of radio, other than the invention of the audion tube,
was the development and popularization of the use of radio for:
Definition
broadcasting
Term
The first “talking machine” or sound-recording method was developed in 1887 by:
Definition
Thomas Edison
Term
In 1916, David Sarnoff sent to his superiors at American Marconi his ideas on how to make radio a
“household utility.” This now-famous memo is called the:
Definition
Radio Music Box Memo
Term
The ( ) established definitions of authority between federal and state
governments, providing for the allocation and revocation of licenses and fines for violators,
assigning frequencies for operation, and setting the hours during which a station was authorized
to broadcast.
Definition
Radio Act of 1912
Term
The P2P software that most fuels the contemporary recording industry’s piracy fears is ( ), file-sharing software that allows anonymous users to create “swarms” of data
as they simultaneously download and upload “bits” of content from countless, untraceable servers.
Definition
bitTorrent
Term
Unregulated radio was in chaos during the 1920s, primarily because income from the sale of
receivers declined and:
Definition
station interference and irregular standards of operation turned off
listeners
Term
Stations that are owned and operated by a broadcast network are called:
Definition
O&Os
Term
When, in 1943, the government ordered NBC to divest itself of one of its networks, it sold NBC Blue
to Edward Noble, who renamed it:
Definition
ABC
Term
When broadcasters asked the government to help them solve their interference and other operational
problems during the 1920s, it responded with:
Definition
a series of four National Radio Conferences,
involving industry experts, public officials, and government regulators
Term
The four National Radio Conferences produced what important piece of federal legislation of
broadcasting?
Definition
The Radio Act of 1927
Term
The concept that broadcasters in the United States license use of the airwaves owned by the people
is called the ( ) model of regulation.
Definition
Trustee
Term
The trustee model of broadcast regulation is based in part on the premise that because broadcast
spectrum space is limited, and therefore not everyone who wants to broadcast can, those who are
granted licenses to serve a local area must accept regulation. This is called the philosophy of:
Definition
Spectrum scarcity
Term
The Radio Act of 1927 ensured that the airwaves belonged to:
Definition
The public
Term
The Radio Act of 1927 required that when a radio license was awarded, the standard of evaluation
would be:
Definition
the public interest, convenience, or necessity
Term
In its earliest days, the radio industry earned income through:
Definition
sale of receivers
Term
The first radio commercial appeared on station ( ) in 1922.
Definition
WEAF
Term
Stations that link themselves to a national broadcast network for the purpose of airing its programs
are called:
Definition
affiliates
Term
RCA established the first national radio network in 1926, linking 24 stations and called:
Definition
NBC
Term
In radio’s early days, newspapers attempted to deny stations access to their material. The two media
industries settled their differences, agreeing to time and length restrictions on radio news in the
1933:
Definition
Biltmore Agreement
Term
Wire that allows the sending of signals by light beams is called:
Definition
Fiber optic
Term
The creation of programs expressly for sale to individual stations in individual markets is called:
Definition
first-run syndication
Term
A syndicated program that runs five nights a week at the same time is said to be:
Definition
stripped
Term
Recording a television show on a home VCR or DVR for later viewing is called:
Definition
time shifting
Term
Digital delivery of over-the-air television signals permits ( ), sending different content
on different parts of the same signal.
Definition
Multiplexing
Term
Recreating an event that either did or is presumed to have happened for television news cameras is:
Definition
news staging
Term
Local affiliates receive compensation for airing network fare in their markets. Of late, compensation
payments:
Definition
are diminishing, if not disappearing.
Term
As a result of the quiz show scandal, the networks changed the way they accepted sponsors’ money,
changing from single sponsorship for most programs to:
Definition
spot commercial sales
Term
Lucille Ball’s insistence that she, rather than CBS, own the rights to her television program set the
stage not only for reruns but also for:
Definition
the creation of the syndication industry
Term
The first workable device for generating electrical signals suitable for the transmission of a visual bore
its inventor’s name. It is the:
Definition
Nipkow disc
Term
a British inventor, was sending moving images across the Atlantic
using a mechanical disc in the 1920s.:
Definition
John Logie Baird
Term
a Russian immigrant living near Pittsburgh, developed the iconoscope
tube, the first practical television camera tube:
Definition
Vladimir Zworykin
Term
an Idaho schoolboy, moved to San Francisco, where he demonstrated his
television system in 1927:
Definition
Philo Farnsworth
Term
The first public demonstration of television, in the form of regularly scheduled two-hour broadcasts,
was presented by ( ) at the 1939 World’s Fair.
Definition
NBC
Term
“Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television”:
Definition
listed the names of
151 broadcast personalities with alleged ties to the Communist Party
Term
The primary collector and reporter of television ratings is a company known as:
Definition
Nielsen
Term
Television ratings employ an in-home device called a ( ) which records what
families are watching and who in those families are actually viewing.
Definition
Peoplemeter
Term
Four times each year more detailed measuring of television audiences takes place called ( ), employing not only mechanical counting but home diaries.
Definition
Sweeps
Term
The percentage of TV homes with sets that are tuned in to a given program is that show’s:
Definition
Share
Term
A still-used derogatory name for television, the “vast wasteland,” was coined by:
Definition
FCC Chairman
Newton Minow
Term
The business of television is dominated by a few centralized production, distribution, and decisionmaking
organizations, known as the:
Definition
Networks
Term
When an affiliate airs a network’s program, it is said to ( ) the show.
Definition
Clear time for
Term
The current practice of networks ordering as few as two or three episodes of a program is called:
Definition
short ordering
Term
The sale of programs to local stations on a market-to-market basis is:
Definition
Syndication
Term
New video technologies that allow viewers to “talk” to programmers and content distributors while
watching will produce ( ) television.
Definition
Interactive
Term
At cable’s inception, the primary goal of most cable television operations was:
Definition
to improve the
reception of distant signals
Term
Fast-forwarding through commercials on a recorded television show is called:
Definition
zipping
Term
Sesame Street is produced by the:
Definition
Children's Television Workshop
Term
If your market has 100,000 television homes and 30,000 are tuned into your program, your rating:
Definition
is 30
Term
Cable can trace it's roots to 1948 in:
Definition
Pennsylvania
Term
Early cable systems were called:
Definition
community antenna television (CATV)
Term
s a system in which content is sent to an antenna set up atop a building and then
distributed by wires to subscribers in that building:
Definition
MATV
Term
Broadcasters saw cable as a friend until:
Definition
1975, when Time, Inc., began delivering HBO movies by
satellite
Term
The “free” channels provided automatically to all subscribers are called:
Definition
basic cable
Term
The multichannel service, other than cable, that has the greatest number of users is:
Definition
DBS
Term
A technology classified as a “telecommunications service” operates as a ( )-- that is, it is required to carry the messages of others with no power to shape
or restrict them.
Definition
Common carrier
Term
Groups of channels made available to subscribers at varying prices are known in the cable business
as:
Definition
Tiers
Term
A cable system’s basic service would NOT include:
Definition
HBO
Term
Companies that own several cable franchises are called:
Definition
MSOs
Term
( ) are sent through fiber-optic lines.
Definition
Pulses of light
Term
The capacity of the wires or signals that bring video content into people’s homes is called:
Definition
Bandwidth
Term
Multiplexing, which “squeezes” signals to permit multiple signals to be carried over one channel, is
made possible by:
Definition
Digital compression
Term
Cable subscribers can talk back to the system operator through:
Definition
Interactive cable
Term
With access to nearly 17 million television households, the largest U.S. DBS provider is:
Definition
DirectTV
Term
A cable system that functions as a one-stop communications provider, supplying television, audio,
high-speed Internet access, long-distance and local phone service, multiple telephone lines, and
fax is said to offer:
Definition
Bundling
Term
are brief video episodes of television programs created specifically for mobile
screens:
Definition
Mobisodes
Term
refers to granting equal carriage over phone and cable lines to all Web sites:
Definition
Network Neutrality
Term
( ) is another name for massively multiplayer online role-playing games.
Definition
Virtual World Games
Term
( )% of all gamers are females.
Definition
40
Term
Advocacy game are:
Definition
Web games containing non-commercial, persuasive messages
Term
In 1962, ( ) of the Rand Corporation proposed a packet-switching system that would
allow the military to maintain command over its missiles and planes in the event of a nuclear
attack. It is the basis of what we know today as the Internet.
Definition
Paul Baran
Term
Computers that link individual personal computer users to the Internet are called:
Definition
Hosts
Term
The development of the ( ) -----with its small size, absence of heat, and low cost—
made personal computers possible.
Definition
Semi-conductor
Term
The Apple II personal computer was developed by:
Definition
STEVE JOBS AND STEPHEN WOZNIAK
Term
The “network of networks,” consisting of LANs (Local Area Networks—networks connecting two or
more computers, usually within the same building) and WANs (Wide Area Networks—networks
that connect several LANs in different locations), is called the:
Definition
Internet
Term
Websites that function as online communities of users are called:
Definition
Social Networking Sites
Term
A ( )s a personal Web journal that comments on the news and provides links to stories that back
up the commentary with evidence.
Definition
Blog
Term
The most well known and arguably the most effective ( ) Web site is MoveOn.org.
Definition
Spam-free
Term
The availability of trustworthy ( ) --coding and decoding—technologies that make online
use of credit and bank card numbers, addresses, social security numbers, and other sensitive
information safer for both seller and buyer has fueled interest in the Internet as a place to do
business.
Definition
Encryption
Term
ESRB stands for:
Definition
Entertainment Software Ratings Board
Term
The fastest growing game demographic is:
Definition
Females over 18
Term
The most heavily played upon game console in the U.S. is:
Definition
Playstation
Term
dominates the hand-held game device business:
Definition
Game boy advance
Term
Wii was introduced in the 2000s specifically to attract:
Definition
Non-traditional game players
Term
LAN stands for:
Definition
Local area network
Term
Computer Space, released in 1971, was designed by:
Definition
Nolan Bushnell
Term
Atari was incorporated by:
Definition
Nolan Bushnell
Term
Spacewar, the first interactive computer game, was designed by:
Definition
Steve Russell
Term
Harry Williams’ game innovations were electronic scoring and:
Definition
Scoring holes that returned the ball
Term
The spark that set off the game revolution was ( ) a game from Atari.
Definition
Pong
Term
( )% of gamer's parents play with their kids.
Definition
80
Term
In 2006 ( ) was introduced, designed specifically to attract new, non-traditional gamers.
Definition
Nintendo's Wii
Term
Residents who complain about the commercialization of Second Life are called:
Definition
Griefers
Term
( ) is not a game console.
Definition
A game boy
Term
was the first video game to win the MTV Best Videogame Sound Track
Award:
Definition
Tony Hawk: Underground
Term
Companies that create games for existing systems are called:
Definition
third-party publishers
Term
The first electric pinball game was invented by:
Definition
Harry Williams
Term
The first home video game system, Odyssey, was marketed by Magnavox in:
Definition
1972
Term
The first video game imported into the U.S. was:
Definition
Gunfight
Term
LED stands for:
Definition
Light Emitting Diode
Term
The first first-person perspective shooter game was:
Definition
Doom
Term
MUD stands for:
Definition
Multi-user dimension
Term
A video game designed to encourage strenuous physical activity is a(n):
Definition
Exergame
Term
Classic games most often played in spurts that have become a staple on small screen devices such
as cell phones are:
Definition
Casual games
Term
Games are particularly attractive to advertisers because they are ( ), that is, players stay with
them for long stretches at a time.
Definition
Sticky
Term
The most-purchased types of console game are:
Definition
action and family entertainment
Term
The most-purchased type of personal computer game is:
Definition
Strategy
Term
IN an MMO like Second Life, the actual world is often referred to as:
Definition
Meat-space
Term
Games that offer in-game virtual currency for various activities or sometimes for watching a
commercial before playing are called:
Definition
Freemium games
Term
patented the first interactive video game:
Definition
Ralph Baer
Term
Introduced in 1986, ( ) was the first game to offer open structure play, that is, play
that let players go where they wished and offered multiple routes to winning.
Definition
Legend of Zelda
Term
According to ad industry research, approximately ( )% of adults play games outside the home on
mobile wireless devices.
Definition
37
Term
Brands that have become games themselves are referred to as:
Definition
Advergames
Term
In 1977, Mattell brought true electronic games to hand-held devices with:
Definition
Missile Attack, Auto Race,
and Football
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