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Chapter 7a Vocabulary
AP Psychology
37
Psychology
12th Grade
12/03/2012

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Term
Achievement Tests
Definition
Tests that gauge a person's mastery and knowledge of various subjects.
Term
Aptitude tests
Definition
Psychological tests used to assess talent for specific types of mental ability.
Term
Construct validity
Definition
The extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a particular hypothetical
construct.
Term
Content validity
Definition
The degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain it's supposed to cover.
Term
Convergent thinking
Definition
Narrowing down a list of alternatives to converge on a single correct answer.
Term
Correlation
Definition
The extent to which two variables are related to each other.
Term
Correlation coefficient
Definition
A numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables.
Term
Creativity
Definition
The generation of ideas that are original, novel, and useful.
Term
Criterion-related validity
Definition
Test validity that is estimated by correlating subjects' scores on a test with their scores on
an independent criterion (another measure) of the trait assessed by the test.
Term
Crystallized intelligence
Definition
One's ability to apply acquired skills and knowledge in problem solving.
Term
Deviation IQ Scores
Definition
Scores that locate subjects precisely within the normal distribution, using the standard
deviation as the unit of measurement.
Term
Discrimination
Definition
Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group.
Term
Divergent thinking
Definition
Trying to expand the range of alternatives by generating many possible solutions.
Term
Emotional intelligence
Definition
The ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and
reason with emotion, and regulate emotion.
Term
Factor analysis
Definition
Statistical analysis of correlations among many variables to identify closely related clusters of variables.
Term
Fitness
Definition
The reproductive success (number of descendants) of an individual organism relative to the average reproductive success of the population.
Term
Fluid intelligence
Definition
One's reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing.
Term
Heritability Ratio
Definition
An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by
variations in genetic inheritance.
Term
Ingroup
Definition
The group that people belong to and identify with.
Term
Insight
Definition
In problem solving, the sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect attempts based primarily on trial and error.
Term
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Definition
A child's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
Term
Intelligence tests
Definition
Psychological tests that measure general mental ability.
Term
Mental age
Definition
In intelligence testing, a score that indicates that a child displays the mental ability typical of a child of that chronological (actual) age.
Term
Mental retardation
Definition
Subnormal general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in everyday living skills
originating prior to age 18.
Term
Motivation
Definition
Goal-directed behavior.
Term
Normal distribution
Definition
A symmetric, bell-shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many characteristics
are dispersed in the population.
Term
Percentile score
Definition
A figure that indicates the percentage of people who score below the score one has
obtained.
Term
Personality tests
Definition
Psychological tests that measure various aspects of personality, including motives,
interests, values, and attitudes.
Term
Problem solving
Definition
Active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily available.
Term
Reaction range
Definition
Genetically determined limits on IQ or other traits.
Term
Reification
Definition
Giving an abstract concept a name and then treating it as though it were a concrete, tangible object.
Term
Reliability
Definition
The measurement consistency of a test (or of other kinds of measurement techniques).
Term
Standard deviation
Definition
An index of the amount of variability in a set of data.
Term
Standardization
Definition
The uniform procedures used in the administration and scoring of a test.
Term
Stereotypes
Definition
Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group.
Term
Test norms
Definition
Standards that provide information about where a score on a psychological test ranks in relation to other scores on that test.
Term
Validity
Definition
The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure.
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