Term
Which of the following scenarios would be explained by the prototype model of concept structures?
- Determing whether something is a car if it has four wheels.
- Determining whether something is a fish if it swims in the water.
- Determining whether something is a flower if it is similar to a rose.
- Determining whether something is a cat if it can run.
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Definition
| Determining whether something is a flower if it is similar to a rose. |
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Term
| In comparing a computer to the human brain, the computer's hardware is like ___ and the computer's software if like ____. |
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Rose believes that she is more likely to die from a tornado than from heart disease because tornados make big new. Which of the following errors has Rose made?
- Confirmation bias
- Hindsight bias
- Functional fixedness
- Avilablity heuristic
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Definition
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Term
| Focusing on information that supports your beliefs and discounting information that contradicts your beliefs is an example of...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Trying the same technique repeatedly to solve a problem is called...? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of creative thinkers?
- Inner motivation
- Functional fixedness
- Fixation
- Availiability heuristic
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Definition
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Term
| In order to develop ____ for a test, the test should be given to a large, representative group of people of various ages, races, sexes, and geographic locations. |
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Definition
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Term
| If an adult is 20 years old and her mental age is 30, what is her IQ, according to Stern's formula? |
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Definition
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Term
| If an intelligence test asks questions that would more likely be familiar to a person living in a city than to a person living in the country, the test is...? |
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Definition
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Term
| A person diagnosed as mentally retarded as a child is able to function within society as an adult. What type of mental retardation does this person likely have? |
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Definition
| Cultural-familial Retardation |
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Term
| What type of intelligence, according to Gardner, would likely be strongest for an engineer who designs bridges? |
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Definition
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| According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, what type of intelligence would be needed to calculate a mathematical problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Condier the word driving. The d sound is known as a ____, while the suffix -ing is known as a ___. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is supported by the theories of Benjamin Whorf?
- Intelligence is multifaceted, and people have different levels of each type of intelligence.
- The more words and individual has to describe an object or event, the easier it will be for him or her to think about it.
- Standardized intelligence tests tend to be culturally biased.
- Individuals determine whether an object is part of a category by comparing it to an object typical of that category.
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Definition
| The more words and individual has to describe an object or event, the easier it will be for him or her to think about it. |
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Term
| The sentence, "The tablecloth asked her dog to type the dishes," contains...? |
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Definition
| Correct syntax, but incorrect semantics |
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Term
Which of the following supports Noam Chomsky's assertion that humans are designed for language acquisition?
- All humans speak.
- Language rules are similar from culture to culture.
- Children from different cultures develop language at about the same age and in the same order.
- Parents from all cultures speak to their infants.
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Definition
| Children from different cultures develop language at about the same age and in the same order. |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of critical thinkers?
- Questioning assumptions
- Examining the evidence
- Mindfulness
- Picking an answer and sticking with it
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Definition
| Picking an answer and sticking with it. |
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Term
| After an event has occured, people often wrongly believe that they "knew all along" what the outcome would be. This error is known as the...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was it so revolutionary when researchers began to study cognitive psychology? |
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Definition
| They were studying mental processes rather than observable behavior |
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Term
| When trying to be polite, people will often phrase requests as questions. For example, a person may ask "Can you please pass the salt" The other person (hopefully) knows that the proper response is to pass the salt, not to answer "yes, I can." This illustrates the concept of...? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the multiple-intelligences approach?
- There is insufficient research evidence to support this approach.
- This approach has not shown any practical use in terms of stimulating educational research.
- Many of Gardner's intelligences overlap more than he would like to admit.
- Such approaches may be going too far in trying to separately label different types of intelligence.
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Definition
| This approach has not shown any practical use in terms of stimulating educational research. |
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Term
| The Raven Progressive Matrices Test is an example of a(n)...? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the development of a human organism, when does the fetal period start? |
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Definition
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Term
| A fertilized egg is called a(n)... |
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Definition
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Term
| An infant born between 38 and 42 weeks after conceptions is considered...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Harry Harlow studied monkeys who were raised with two "mothers," one made of wire and one of terry cloth. What did he find? |
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Definition
| The monkeys preferred the cloth mother, even when the wire mother provided food. |
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Term
| You may have the experience of a newborn infant grasping your finger when you touch his or her hand. The newborn infant's grasphing is an example of...? |
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Definition
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Term
| An infant is repeatedly shown a picture of his mother's face and a picture of geometric shapes. Each time, the infant tends to gaze at the picture of his mother's face. This finding is an example of...? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the ages of three to six years, which area of the brain undergoes the most rapid growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Understanding that while the shape of an object may change, the mass of the object stays the same is an example of...? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which of Piaget's stages does object permanence happen? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with a theory of cognitive development?
- Erikson
- Kohlberg
- Kohut
- Piaget
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Definition
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Term
| During what ages does the concrete operational stage occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame occurs during which ages? |
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Definition
| Ages one and a half through three |
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Term
| Which parenting style is generally associated with the best child outcomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a parent instructs a child to do something because "I said so," this would be an example of a(n) _____ parenting style. |
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Definition
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Term
| Making decisions about right and wrong based on punishments or rewards is consistent with which level of moral reasoning? |
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Definition
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Term
| Many people feel that only girls should play with dolls. This is an example of...? |
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Definition
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Term
| During adolescence there are changes in the structure of the brain. Changes in which of the following brain structures are thought to be partially responsible for adolescent behavior? |
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Definition
| The amygala and the prefrontal cortex |
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Term
Which of the following socioemotional development stages occurs in adolescence?
- Intimacy versus isolation
- Generativity versus stagnation
- Initiative versus guilt
- Identity versus identity confusion
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Definition
| Identity versus identity confusion |
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Term
| Which theory of aging states that our cells can only divide about 100 times, which is why humans can only live to about 120? |
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Definition
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Term
| A person's knowledge of the working of automobiles is an example of...? |
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Definition
| Crystallized intelligence |
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Term
| Erikson's last stage of development involves...? |
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Definition
| Reviewing and taking stock of one's life. |
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Term
| The Yerkes-Dodson law states that...? |
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Definition
| Performance is best when there is a moderate amount of arousal. |
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Term
| When your body is deprived of something, a(n) _____ is created that arouses the body; that arousal is a(n) ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormone that is responsible for sugars being stored in cells as fat and carbohydrates is called...? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a key determinant of a person's set point?
- The person's age
- The number of fat cells in the person's body
- The person's insulin levels
- All of the above are correct
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Definition
| The number of fat cells in the person's body. |
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Term
Which of the following statements about gender differences in sexual behavior is TRUE?
- The sexual attitudes of both men and women are strongly influenced by cultural norms.
- Men tend to show more fluidity than women in their sexual orientation over the course of their lifetimes.
- The four-stage sexual response pattern applies to men, but not to women.
- Women tend to think about sex more frequently than men do.
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Definition
| The sexual attitudes of both men and women are strongly influenced by cultural norms. |
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Term
| The end of the sexual response pattern is... |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following needs must be met first, according to Maslow?
- Self-actualization
- Shelter
- Self-esteem
- Sex
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Definition
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Term
| Ethan feels that he is able to make his own decisions and direct his life in the way he chooses. According to self-determination theory, Ethan is high in.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Edward has a job that does not pay well, but is personally meaningful. Lisa on the other hand, has a job that pays well, but that bores her. What would the research on motivation predict? |
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Definition
| Edward will be happier and perform better because he has high intrinsic motivation |
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Term
Which of the following goals will a person likely be most successful at completing?
- Being a good person
- Becoming a successful lawyer
- Running 3.5 miles twice a week for the next two weeks
- Losing weight
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Definition
| Running 3.5 miles twice a week for the next two weeks. |
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Term
| The word affect refers to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Chloe has just gotten on a roller coaster. As the car ascends the slope for the first big plunge, she feels fear and anticipation. She notices that her heart rate has increase, that her palms are sweating, and that she feels "butterflies" in her stomach. According to the James-Lange theory, Chloe's emotional response to the roller is because.... |
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Definition
| The stimulus of the roller coaster has caused a physiological change; she has interpreted this change as the emotions of fear and anticipation. |
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Term
| What brain structure plays a crucial role in fear? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is most consistent with the two-factor theory of emotion?
- Physiological arousal can be interpreted in different ways, resulting in different emotions.
- Physiological arousal and emotion happen simulatenously.
- Physiological arousal happens first; emotion then follows.
- Emotion happens first; physiological arousal then follows.
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Definition
| Physiological arousal can be interpreted in different ways, resulting in different emotions. |
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Term
| What does the primacy debate have to say about the relationship between emotion and cognition? |
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Definition
| Some emotions occur first, followed by thoughts; some thoughts occur first, followed by emotions. |
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Term
| Research on the facial feedback hypothesis provides support for which theory of emotion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cultural norms that dictate the appropriate expression of emotion are called... |
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Definition
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Term
| The two-dimensional approach to emotion states that....? |
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Definition
| Emotions can be classified as positive affect or negative affect. |
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Term
| What does research show about the relationship between employees' happiness and their productivity? |
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Definition
| Happy workers tend to be more productive, in part because they are less likely to burn out from stress. |
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Term
| Being able to successfully recover from negative life events is known as.... |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a way to increase your own happiness?
- Making a list of things you are thankful for
- Acquiring material goods
- Enaging in activities that will benefit others
- Setting meaningful goals
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Definition
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Term
| When people are happy, they are able to amass other resources, such as improving physical health, exploring new hobbies, and strengthening social relationships. Such phenomena are explained by.... |
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Definition
| The broaden-an-build model |
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Term
| What is the correct order of stages in the human sexual response pattern? |
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Definition
| Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution |
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