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| an industry that focuses on building and managing clients' brands and perceptions |
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| an important means of acquiring data for companies and other branches of PR to help inform their approaches to cultivating public opinion |
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| studies that look at individuals' lifestyles, attitudes and personalities |
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| acceptance of a product's message or brand for the purposes of building a strong emotional relationship with it |
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| a highly effective way of creating audience affinity with a product or message without direct commercial advertising; also known as product integration |
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| a type of communication that concentrates on persuading clients to support a very specific issue, such as a cause or social movement, and most commonly a government's decision to go to war |
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| a type of PR that engages with the public and seeks to demonstrate good will |
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| PR that attempts to rescue companies when crisis occurs |
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| public service announcements (PSAs) |
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| noncommercial and presumably nonpolitical advertising |
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| PR that advises politicians on how to best engage their constituencies |
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| a type of communication that attempts to persuade individuals to take some form of action (buy, believe, consume) toward a product, idea or service |
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| a type of media message that seeks the widest reach and the largest number of "eyes" or "ears" for an ad |
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| a system that creates and encourages the purchase of goods and/or services in increasing amounts |
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| a service that creates large runs of repetitive automated link clicks to a page, giving a false representation of the number of real-page views |
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| a program that runs a clickfraud operation |
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| a service that allows users to select which ads they will watch and when they will watch them online |
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| a form of PR communication meant to stimulate interest in a product after a product line has been created, or to reform the image of a company in the wake of an emergency |
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| a form of PR that develops action plans to address problems that are likely to confront organization in the future; it include crisis management |
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| studies that examine basic human characteristics, such as individuals' age, gender, race and income |
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| declaration of principles |
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| Ivy Ledbetter Lee's foundational work that presented the first set of ethical standards for public relations |
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| PR that accurately and persuasively communicates events in the business world to other institutions as well as to consumers |
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| PR that helps to facilitate capital drive campaigns, whether through organizational training or actual implementation |
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| internet-ad placement services |
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| PR that focuses on communicating the interests, concerns, and issues pertinent to particular individuals and organizations to local, state and national legislatures |
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| grooming a clients image in ways that promote positive public perceptions of the client |
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| PR that attempts to persuade the audience to accept an organization's views on a particular issue |
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| "two way street" principle of PR |
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| articulated by Ivy Ledbetter Lee, the idea that the PR profesional is a communication facilitator between clients and the public |
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| a campaign that presents the client's message across a wide range of media platforms, including the internet, television and radio, print and mobile devices |
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| the growth of product integration in television programs and movies |
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| a type of media message that encompasses narrowly directed messages to smaller, more clearly defined audience segments |
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| Electronic Frontier Foundation |
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| a non profit advocacy group made up of lawyers, policy analysts, and activists working on behalf of media consumers |
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| US legislation that attempted to regulate some information and media content from the web |
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| the view that everyone should have equal access to all online content at equal speeds |
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| the term encompassing all digital, interactive and converged media on the internet |
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| digital publishing and distribution as well as early forms of e-mail communication |
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| also knows as the "new media"; includes greatly enhanced user participation via networked creativity, innovation, information and content sharing |
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| the exchange of intellectual property among users over the internet |
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| content that is delivered in a constant, continuous manner over the web |
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| an idea that spreads rapidly through cultures, much in the same way a virus spreads through living organisms |
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| media messages shared through rapid replication via the internet |
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| URL (universal resource locator) |
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| a system that gives every document in every site on the internet a unique, locatable "address" that anyone can easily access |
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| HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) |
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| a collection of communication and software standards that allow many different types of computers to communicate with each other over the web |
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| HTML (hypertext markup language) |
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| a relatively simple programming language that allows web developers to specify how a document will appear when accessed by a wide variety of internet browser programs |
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| an application whose software allows information on the world wide web to be viewed, retrieved, and moved |
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| the first internet browser made widely available to the public |
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| a device that connects computers via telephone lines |
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| high performance computing and communications act of 1991 |
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| "The Gore Bill," which allocated $600 million for the creation of the national research and education network (NREN), and served as the foundation for the "information superhighway" |
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| voice over internet protocol (voIP) |
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| voice communications that occur over the internet |
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| compatible time sharing systems (CTSS) |
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| a system that allows users of IMB mainframe computers remote access as well as the ability to leave messages for other users |
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| file transfer protocol (FTP) |
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| a standard set of procedures used for exchanging and manipulating files across a network of computers |
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| SMTP (standard mail transfer protocol) |
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| an application used for sending and receiving e-mail |
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| POP (post office protocol) |
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| an application used for receiving e-mail |
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| references or sources that can be accessed by clicking a link |
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| dynamic adaptive learning |
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| self-directed selection of knowledge nodes and self-structured organization to increase one's ability to obtain new knowledge |
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| user networks such as Napster and BitTorrent, where the content is not only shared between peers, but supplied and purchased by them as well |
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| a non-profit, open-content, internet-based encyclopedia established by internet entrepreneur Jim Wales and philosopher LArry Sanger |
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| an approach to content production and management that permits easy, widespread access to information |
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| the practice of increasing site traffic via internet advertising |
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| also known as "three screen convergence"; an approach that supports relatively seamless transferring of video content between digital television, personal computers and mobile devices |
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| a much abbreviated form of blogging, such as twitter |
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| the use of blogs as a form of political activism |
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| a characteristic of video games that focus on the development of each player's game skills |
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| a computer-simulated environment |
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| immersive virtual reality (IVR) |
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| the purist form of virtual reality, which combines sophisticated interactive appliances with realistic computer-generated environments, thereby engaging most of the human senses |
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| participatory virtual reality (PVR) |
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| new media technology accessed online or via digital storage devices that enable users to move through, explore, and interact with computer-generated environments |
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| agent-based artificial life program |
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| in game theory, the open-ended unlimited progression of game play |
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| a characteristic of a video game that spans across a particular place or geographical area |
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| a single entity that owns the majority of the media industries |
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| agencies that charge for news distribution |
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| a market model in which the production and distribution of a specific media industry is dominated by a single group |
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| a handful of movie studios that virtually ruled the entire film industry in the first half of the 20th century, controlling everything from screenwriters' and actors' contracts to the ownership of movie theaters |
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| between the late 1920's to mid 1960's; the era during which five film studios dominated the US movie industry |
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| US federal efforts to break up industry monopolies and allow for healthy competition in such areas as steel, tobacco, and oil |
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| US federal legislation that allows the government to investigate companies it suspects might have violated antitrust regulations |
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| (1950) US federal legislation that sought to close loopholes that might result in conglomeration of businesses; also commonly referred to as the anti-merger act |
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| a business structure in which one company operates and controls all of the means of production, distribution and exhibition for a large segment of the news publishing or movie industry |
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| the ability to increase cost advantages by increasing production levels and sometimes expanding the business |
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| a cooperative collective of small companies |
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| purposeful denying of certain privileges to selected parties |
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| the legal requirement of all members of the board of directors for a company to make their best efforts to manage the firm and protect the interest of all the shareholders |
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| also known as the American-style media business model; a model in which the majority of media are funded through a combination of advertising revenue and subscription fees |
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| revenue from selling media products and content directly to the consumer |
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| revenue primarily received from advertisers and advertising-related sales such as product placement |
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| value based on all of the media properties produced and/or owned by a company in a given year, compared to the total cost of creation |
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| financial term for when a company can economically produce high-valued media assets and higher revenues through efficient use of its production resources |
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| a model in which media serve as the central environment or "space" in which ideas and views circulate in the form of information sharing and storytelling |
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| the internet media business model wherein media creators rely on the web to reach and sell to their audiences directly |
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| vanity press & subsidy publishers |
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| a publisher that offers authors low-cost alternatives publication of their manuscripts by the commercial publishing houses |
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| federal communications commission (FCC) |
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| a US government agency that is empowered by the federal government to regulate the licensing and use of the broadcast spectrum of the media by all non-governmental organizations, companies, or individuals |
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| geographic spread of television stations owned by a company |
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| telecommunications act of 1996 |
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| US federal legislation that deregulated the broadcast industry and removed the long-running restrictions on multistation ownership |
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| high fidelity premium record |
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| a record containing sound produced at advanced levels |
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| predecessor to rhythm and blues; music that catered to racial sterotypes |
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| spreading media content through telecommunication |
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| advertising-backed radio that helped to increase radio's financial base and spurred rapid improvement in both the quality and quantity of programming |
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| 33 1/3 rpm long-play disc |
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| a device that made the syndication of full radio programs an affordable alternative for smaller radio stations in the 1930'a |
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| acetate blank recording disc |
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| a device onto which radio stations could record on the spot, earning it the name the "instantaneous" record |
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| in radio, recordings of commercials sent back to advertisers to prove airtime purchased |
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| professionals who are abel to cut out and replace eorros i performances as well as create complex compositions that would be non-reproducible outside a studio |
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| digital subscription model |
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| a content-on-demand model that delivers digital content whenever and wherever they seek it |
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| in film or television, the stage of the media creation process in which the producer requires rights to the story |
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| book rights, a script or story concept, usually developed and presented in abbreviated form |
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| a treatment written on speculation or placed on the open market |
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| in film or television, the stage of the media creation process in which the screen play and characters are shaped; a story's background and potential shoot location are researched; and production budget details are built |
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| production financing stage |
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| in film and tv, the point in the media creation process at which the producer lines up the lion's share of the funding for the project |
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| production crews and equipment and post-production facilities |
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| t-shirts, books, toys, and other items linked to a media project |
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| during this stage, the many details of production are put into place, including the casting of the actors, hiring of the crew, contracting with locations, designing and building sets or special effects, costuming and arrangements for transportation, lodging and catering for cast and crew |
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| in film or tv, the stage of the media creation process in which all of the story scenes are filmed in a nonlinear sequence; also known as the principle photography stage |
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| in film and tv, the stage of the media creation process in which all of the material that has been shot is edited and into a linear story |
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| in film and tv, the stage of the media creation process in which the final project is released to theaters or premiers in the lead television network's programming schedule |
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| market share of the media audiences |
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| targeted audience capture = increased revenues from sales and or advertising = content control |
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| international media co-production treaties |
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| agreements established by countries in an effort to respond to the economic challenges facing their respective native media production companies |
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| Marc Andreesen and Eric Bina |
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| developed mosaic, the first internet browser |
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| created netscape navigator |
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| inner desires, built identities around purchased goods |
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| a theory that says we act first, then rationalize our behavior afterward to fit our actions into our ideas of who we are |
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| Television Bureau of Advertising |
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| expanded commercial breaks but decreased length of commericals |
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| founder of public relations |
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| produced national PR campaigns, press coverage and public interest |
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| he process whereby the mass media determine what we think and worry about |
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