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| organism that makes its own food |
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| process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
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| organism that makes its own food (autotroph) and produces organic molecules that serve as food for other organisms in its ecosystem |
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| organism that obtains food by eating other organisms |
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| organism that obtains food by eating producers (autotrophs) or other consumers |
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| chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
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| energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement |
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| total amount of energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter |
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| potential to perform work due to the arrangement of atoms within molecules |
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| amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C |
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| main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
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| sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer electrons and release energy during cellular respiration |
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| all of a cell's chemical processes |
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| the splitting in half of a glucose molecule; the first stage of cellular respiration and fermentation |
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| stage of cellular respiration that finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy |
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| protein structure in cell mitochondria that uses energy from H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP |
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| cellular process of making ATP without oxygen |
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| organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
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| pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis |
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| thick fluid contained in the inner membrane of a chloroplast |
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| disk-shaped sac in the stroma of a chloroplast; site of the light reactions of photosynthesis |
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| chemical reactions that convert the sun's energy to chemical energy; take place in the membranes of thylakoids in the chloroplast |
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| cycle in plants that makes sugar from carbon dioxide, H+ ions, and high-energy electrons carried by NADPH |
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| distance between adjacent wave |
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| range of types of electromagnetic energy from gamma waves to radio waves |
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| chemical compound that determines a substance's color |
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| laboratory technique used to observe the different pigments in a material |
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| cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules in a thylakoid |
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| process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back |
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| process by which atmospheric gases trap heat close to Earth's surface and prevent it from escaping into space |
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| mitochondria vs chloroplasts |
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chloroplasts plants suns energy disks photosynthisis
mitochondria plants and animals cellular respiration
both make ATP double mebranes |
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| Cellular respiration vs breathing |
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both take in oxygen give of carbon dioxide
cells take in food produce ATP and water
lungs take in oxygen and give of carbon dioxide and water |
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| cellular repertino vs fermentation |
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both produce ATP from glucose
fermentation no oxygen results in lactic acid
cellular respiration needs oxygen |
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| Define autotroph and heterotroph, and give an example of each. |
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Autotrophs – organisms that can produce their own food (like plants)
Heterotrophs – organisms that cannot produce their own food (like humans) |
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| Explain the role of food (glucose) in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration |
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| Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which cellular respiration uses to produe energy carbon dioxide and water. |
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| Explain how life on Earth depends on the sun. |
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| Life depends on the sun for energy to make food and to regulate the earth’s temperature. |
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| Identify the types of energy you have at the top of a staircase and as you go down the stairs. |
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| At the top, potential. At the bottom, kinetic |
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| Explain how your body uses chemical energy during exercise |
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| Cellular respiration releases potential energy from glucose and oxygen by rearranging the atoms into carbon dioxide and water. It produces heat and energy for the cellular network. About 40% of energy is used, 60% is lost as heat. |
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| In what way is ATP like a compressed spring |
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| It’s full of potential energy, like a spring. |
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| List three main types of cellular work |
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| Chemical, Mechanical, Transport |
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| What is the source of energy for regenerating ATP from ADP? |
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| Compare and contrast breathing and cellular respiration |
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| Cell respiration and breathing are aerobic processes meaning they need oxygen. They both exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Breathing results in the exchange of gases between the air and your blood. Cellular Respiration exchanges gases between organelles. Cellular Respiration requires sugar and produces energy and water in addition to carbon dioxide. |
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| List the reactants and products in cellular respiration |
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| What is meant by the "falling" of electrons to oxygen How does this process release energy? |
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| Oxygen attracts electrons very strongly, similar to how gravity pulls objects downhill. Electrons are pulled out of their orbits to fill oxygen’s valence, releasing energy |
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| How does an electron transport chain result in the gradual release of energy stored in glucose? |
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| During the breakdown, electron carriers accept many of the high energy electrons from the glucose molecule. The electron carriers pass the electrons to one another down a chain, slowly releasing energy with each transfer. |
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| How is the mitochondrion's structure suited to its function |
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| in the inner membrane of the mitochondria organ called the matrix the highly folded matrix gives space for reactions to occur maximize ATP |
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| Identify the three stages of cellular respiration, where in the cell each takes place, and how many ATP molecules it produces |
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| 1) Glycolysis takes place outside the mitochondria in the chloroplasts 2) Krebs Cycle in the mitochondria’s inner membrane |
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| How is fermentation different from cellular respiration |
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| One uses oxygen while the other doesn’t |
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| Describe one example of how fermentation in microorganisms produces human foods. |
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| the yeast carbonates in beer and champagne and helps bread rise |
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| What is the waste product of fermentation in your muscle cells? |
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