Term
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Definition
| a severe, often constricting pain or sensation of pressure, usually referring to angina pectoris |
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Term
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Definition
| death of heart tissue resulting from lack of oxygenated blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| insufficient oxygenation of the tissues of the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| a record of the electrical activity of the heart on electrically sensitive paper (or oscilloscope) |
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Term
| size and location of the heart |
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Definition
| fist sized on the left side of the body between the left lung and mediatinum |
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Term
| what are the four chambers of the heart? |
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Definition
| right/left atria and right/left ventricles |
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Term
| what are the layers that surround the heart? |
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Definition
| epicardium (outer layer), myocarium (middle muscular layer), endocardium (inner layer) |
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Term
| blood flow through the heart: step one |
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Definition
| deox goes to right atrium from vena cavas and veins |
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Term
| blood flow through the heart: step 2 |
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Definition
| pumped through tricuspid valve into right ventricle |
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Term
| blood flow through the heart: step 3 |
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Definition
| right ventricle sends bad blood to lungs for reoxygenation |
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Term
| blood flow through the heart: step 4 |
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Definition
| oxygenated blood goes through pulmonary veins to left atrium |
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Term
| blood flow through the heart: step 5 |
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Definition
| blood goes from left atrium to left ventricle |
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Term
| blood flow through the heart: step 6 |
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Definition
| good blood goes from left ventricle to aorta and rest of body |
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Term
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Definition
| when the electrical activity of the heart is normal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| slow heart rate; less than 60 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fast heart rate; faster than 100 |
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Term
| what are the most common non-trauma-related medical emergencies |
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Definition
| shock, anaphylaxis, pulmonary embolus, diabetic reactions, stroke, cardiac/respiratory failure, syncope, and seizures |
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Term
| what is the Glasgow coma scale |
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Definition
| a quick assessment of a patients neurological functioning via eyes open, motor response, and verbal response (max points=15) |
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Term
| LOC (level of consciousness) can be assess how? |
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Definition
| ask patient name and date, patients ability to follow directions |
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Term
| what are the things that can cause shock? |
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Definition
| body fluid loss, cardiac failure, decreased tone of the blood vessels, or obstruction of blood to organs |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of the compensatory stage of shock |
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Definition
| skin is cold and clammy, increased respiration, normal blood pressure, increased anxiety (uncooperative patient) |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of the progressive stage of shock? |
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Definition
| rapid and shallow breathing, tachycardia, chest pain, confusion (leading to lethargy and loss of consciousness) |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of the irreversible stage of shock |
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Definition
| low blood pressure, and renal/liver failure |
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Term
| what is the most frequently seen type of shock in the radiology department |
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Definition
| anaphylactic due to allergies to contrast agents such as iodine |
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Term
| what is going on in your body during anaphylaxis |
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Definition
| histamine and bradykinin are release causing vasodilatation which causes blood pooling, and smooth muscle contraction (respiratory mostly) |
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Term
| what can happen when your body reacts badly to an allergen? |
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Definition
| shock, respiratory failure, and death within minutes |
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Term
| how do allergens enter the body? |
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Definition
| through skin, respiratory tract, GI tract, or through an injection |
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Term
| mild anaphylactic raction |
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Definition
| nasal congestion, eye swelling, itching, sneezing, tears; tingling or itching at injection site; tightness in chest, mouth, or throat; anxiety |
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Term
| moderate anaphylactic reaction |
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Definition
| flushing, feeling or warmth, itching, urticaria; bronchospasm and edema of the airways; dyspnea, cough, weezing |
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Term
| severe anaphylactic reaction |
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Definition
| low blood pressure, weak, thready pulse either shallow or rapid; rapid progression to all the bad stuff; dysphasia, abdominal cramping, vomiting, and diarrhea; seizures, respiratory and cardiac arrest |
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Term
| what to do if your patient has an allergic reaction |
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Definition
| stay with patient, stop injection and notify radiologist, call emergency team, place patient in semi-folwers position |
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Term
| what medication is usually given for anaphylactic shock |
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Definition
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Term
| patients who have received contrast must stay in the hospital for how long |
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Definition
| 30 minutes to make sure they don't have a reaction |
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Term
| a patient who has had even a mild reaction must: |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a pulmonary embolus |
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Definition
| blockage of pulmonary arteries by thrombus |
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Term
| pulmonary embolus causes how many deaths each year? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is pulmonary embolus associated with? |
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Definition
| trauma, orthopedic and abdominal surgical procedures, pregnancy, CHF, prolonged immobility, and hypercoagulable states |
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Term
| what is the end result of pulmonary embolus |
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Definition
| hypoxemia (thats life threatenting) |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic carbohydrate metabolism disorder caused by insufficient production of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia (causing ketoacidosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| under 30, abrupt onset, autoimmune destroys insulin producing pancreatic beta cells |
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Term
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Definition
| older than 40, gradual onset, impaired insulin production, can be controlled by diet and exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| diabetes mellitus, associated with or produced by other medical conditions or syndromes |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs during later months of pregnancy, |
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Term
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Definition
| too much insulin or hypoglycemic drug in their system (probably didn't get enough to eat or drink) |
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Term
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Definition
| insufficient insulin causes liver to produce more glucose (causes excessive urination) |
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Term
| cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) |
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Definition
| occlusion of blood to brain, rupture in blood supply to brain, or rupture of cerebral artery resulting in hemorrhage directly into the brain |
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Term
| how long can the human brain survive without oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| what can cause a cardiac arrest |
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Definition
| ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia, bradycardia, hypovolemic shock, cardiac tamponade, hypothermia, or pulmonary embolism |
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Term
| what is respiratory arrest |
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Definition
| patient stops responding, pulse beats briefly the gets weak and stops, no chest movements, no air coming out |
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Term
| what to do if there is cardiac or respiratory arrest |
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Definition
| hey hey are you okay, call a CODE or shout for help, check the pulse then begin CPR |
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Term
| for every minute that defibrillation is delayed: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| turn on, place electrodes (upper right and lower left side of chest), press analyze, prepare for shock then press the button when told to do so or resume CPR |
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Term
| airway obstruction occurs most often in the: |
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Definition
| elderly, very young, or intoxicated |
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Term
| what to do if your patient has an airway obstruction and losses consciousness |
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Definition
| ventilate, (if air goes in begin CPR), reposition head and ventilate again, use abdominal thrusts |
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Term
| abdominal thrust on standing or sitting patient |
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Definition
| place hands, thumb in above belly button and below xiphoid process, quick upward thrusts |
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Term
| abdominal thrusts for a supine patient |
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Definition
| straddle patient and use heel of hand for thrusts just below xiphoid process |
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Term
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Definition
| obese or pregnant, place thumb side in middle of sternum and thrust back |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 back blows followed by 5 chest thrusts (2/3 fingers) |
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Term
| how to tell if someone is having a seizure |
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Definition
| muscles become rigid and eyes wide open,jerky movements and rapid, irregular breathing, vomit, falls into deep sleep after |
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Term
| what are the possible causes of syncope |
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Definition
| heart disease, hunger, poor ventilation, extreme fatigue, and emotional trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| usually numeric in nature or with faces depicting levels of pain. |
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Term
| how to tell if a patient is agitated |
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Definition
| rapid pacing, animated and noisy conversation with a person who is not present, illogical thought process, uncooperative, and distrustful, and fearful. . . or no emotion at all |
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Term
| the behavioral problem patient |
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Definition
| trust your instincts, don't ever be alone, and never touch without asking first |
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Term
| when communicating with an intoxicated patient: |
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Definition
| keep it simple, direct, and non-judgemental |
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