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General Knowledge that is not tied to the time is was learned
Example : Who wrote the movie |
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Chronically , Temporarily dated recollection of personal experience
Example: Memory of attending movie |
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Involves forming a memory code
encoding it in your brain |
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Maintaining information
Example: saving data on a computer |
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With this you recover your memories
Example: bringing the file back upon the computer |
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| Focusing awareness on a narrow range of stimuli or events |
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| What is the cocktail Party |
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| two people having a conversation and one hears there name even though she has been ignoring other conversations the whole time she notices it |
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High load tasks selection occurs later
Low Load tasks more is left for other distractions |
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| what are the three levels of processing |
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| Structural , phonemic , and semantic |
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| Shallow processing , Example : word comes up on the screen you notice that it is in capital letters |
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| Intermediate processing Example : What did it sound like did it rhyme |
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| Deep processing . Example : understanding , involves thinking . |
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| Linking stimulus to other information at the time of encoding |
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| What is an example of elaboration |
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| reading about phobias and connecting it to your fear of spiders . additional associations help you remember |
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| creating pictures in you head to help you remember |
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| Memory an be enhanced by a visual and sematic process |
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how information is personally related .
example : relating subject to life |
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| Preserves information for a very brief time a fraction of a second |
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| whats is an example of sensory memory |
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| Seeing a circle of light when it is only in one spot |
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| limited capacity maintains unrehearsed information for about 20 second |
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a group of similar stimuli stored as a single unit
Example : nbf ctv is easier than bn-ef-dsrf |
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earlier models of stm
Example L Remembering someones phone number |
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Temporarily holding an image
Example : thinking about moving around your room |
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controls deployment of attention switching the focus of attention and dividing attention as needed
Example : dividing attention between mom and tv |
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| limited capacity , center of everything it allows the various components of working memory to intergrate information and serves a interface between long term and short term |
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| holds over lengthy periods of time |
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unusually vivid and detailed memory of events
example : 9/11 |
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Remembering similar items in groups
example: 60 words 4 categories easier to remember |
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is a multilevel classification system based on common properties amoung items
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organization of information |
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| cluster of knowlage about a particular object or event abstract from previous experiences with an object or event |
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thing joined together by one object
example : fire truck -red-orange |
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| confectionist , parallel distributed processing (pdp) |
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| Cognitive process depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks |
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| Tip of the tongue phenomenon |
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failure to retrieve
example : whats that actors name? |
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| putting yourself in the situation to remember |
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| you don't always get everything right when you recall from long term memory |
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| is the process of making attributions about the origins of memory . this contributes to mistakes in reconstruction of stories |
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a memory from once source is misattributed to another source
Example: interpreting something your roommate said incorrectly . people feel confident |
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| process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources |
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| graphs retention and forgetting over time |
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| what are three ways of measuring forgetting |
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| recall, recognition , relearning |
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| reproducing information in your own words |
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select previous learned information from an array of options
example : Multiple choice |
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| memorizing things again for a second time to determine how much time or how many practice trials are saved by having learned it before |
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| the time between presentation of materials to be remembered and the measure of forgetting |
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| forgetting something you never really learned |
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| information fades with time |
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| people forgetting information because of compatition with other material |
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| new information impairs the retention of previously learned information |
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| previously learned impaired new information root information that comes before test material |
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| encoding specific principal |
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| value of retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to memory code |
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| Transfer appropriate processing |
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| initial processing of information is similar to the type of processing required by the subsequent measure of retention |
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| long lasting increase in neural excitability at synapses along a specific neural pathway |
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| extensive memory loss due to head injury |
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loss of memory before amnesia
Example : 25 year old has trauma forgets 3-7 years before erased |
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loss of memory of event and things that happen after
example : cant remember people she meets or where she parks the car |
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| a hypothetical process involving the gradual conversation of information into durable memory codes stored in long term memory |
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| when retention is exhibited on a task tht does not require intentional remembering |
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| involves international recollection of previous experiences |
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| factual information (word definitions) |
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| memory for actions , skills , operation |
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| methods used to recall information |
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| continuing to rehearse after you have mastered it |
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| better recall from start of list and end then the middle |
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| forming mental images to remember them and how they link together |
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| imagery walk along the familiar paths where images of items to be remembered associated with certain locations |
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| concrete word with abstract to remember |
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| symbols that convery meaning plus rules for combining those symbols that can be used to generate an infinite variety of messages |
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| what are the properties of language |
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| symbolic , sematic , generative , structured |
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| the smallest speech units in in language that can be distinguished perceptually |
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the smallest unit of meaning in a language . 50000 in the english language
Example : fine -1 Unfriendly -3 |
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| area of language concerned with understanding and the meaning of words and word conversation |
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| emotional overtones and secondary implications |
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