Shared Flashcard Set

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Chapter 7&8
Final
74
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sematic
Definition
General Knowledge that is not tied to the time is was learned
Example : Who wrote the movie
Term
Episodic
Definition
Chronically , Temporarily dated recollection of personal experience
Example: Memory of attending movie
Term
Encoding
Definition
Involves forming a memory code
encoding it in your brain
Term
Storage
Definition
Maintaining information
Example: saving data on a computer
Term
Retrieval
Definition
With this you recover your memories
Example: bringing the file back upon the computer
Term
Attention
Definition
Focusing awareness on a narrow range of stimuli or events
Term
What is the cocktail Party
Definition
two people having a conversation and one hears there name even though she has been ignoring other conversations the whole time she notices it
Term
Cognitive Load
Definition
High load tasks selection occurs later
Low Load tasks more is left for other distractions
Term
what are the three levels of processing
Definition
Structural , phonemic , and semantic
Term
Structural
Definition
Shallow processing , Example : word comes up on the screen you notice that it is in capital letters
Term
Phonemic
Definition
Intermediate processing Example : What did it sound like did it rhyme
Term
Sematic
Definition
Deep processing . Example : understanding , involves thinking .
Term
Elaboration
Definition
Linking stimulus to other information at the time of encoding
Term
What is an example of elaboration
Definition
reading about phobias and connecting it to your fear of spiders . additional associations help you remember
Term
Visual imagery
Definition
creating pictures in you head to help you remember
Term
Dual code theory
Definition
Memory an be enhanced by a visual and sematic process
Term
self referent encoding
Definition
how information is personally related .
example : relating subject to life
Term
Sensory memory
Definition
Preserves information for a very brief time a fraction of a second
Term
whats is an example of sensory memory
Definition
Seeing a circle of light when it is only in one spot
Term
Short term memory
Definition
limited capacity maintains unrehearsed information for about 20 second
Term
Short term storage
Definition
Involves rehearsal
Term
Chunks
Definition
a group of similar stimuli stored as a single unit
Example : nbf ctv is easier than bn-ef-dsrf
Term
Phonological loop
Definition
earlier models of stm
Example L Remembering someones phone number
Term
Visuospatial sketchpad
Definition
Temporarily holding an image
Example : thinking about moving around your room
Term
central executive
Definition
controls deployment of attention switching the focus of attention and dividing attention as needed
Example : dividing attention between mom and tv
Term
episodic buffer
Definition
limited capacity , center of everything it allows the various components of working memory to intergrate information and serves a interface between long term and short term
Term
Long term memory
Definition
holds over lengthy periods of time
Term
flash bulb memory
Definition
unusually vivid and detailed memory of events
example : 9/11
Term
Clusters
Definition
Remembering similar items in groups
example: 60 words 4 categories easier to remember
Term
conceptual hierarchy
Definition
is a multilevel classification system based on common properties amoung items
...
organization of information
Term
Schema
Definition
cluster of knowlage about a particular object or event abstract from previous experiences with an object or event
Term
sematic network
Definition
thing joined together by one object
example : fire truck -red-orange
Term
confectionist , parallel distributed processing (pdp)
Definition
Cognitive process depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks
Term
Tip of the tongue phenomenon
Definition
failure to retrieve
example : whats that actors name?
Term
context cues
Definition
putting yourself in the situation to remember
Term
misinformation effect
Definition
you don't always get everything right when you recall from long term memory
Term
source monitoring
Definition
is the process of making attributions about the origins of memory . this contributes to mistakes in reconstruction of stories
Term
source monitoring error
Definition
a memory from once source is misattributed to another source
Example: interpreting something your roommate said incorrectly . people feel confident
Term
reality monitoring
Definition
process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources
Term
forgetting curve
Definition
graphs retention and forgetting over time
Term
what are three ways of measuring forgetting
Definition
recall, recognition , relearning
Term
recall
Definition
reproducing information in your own words
Term
recognition
Definition
select previous learned information from an array of options
example : Multiple choice
Term
relearning
Definition
memorizing things again for a second time to determine how much time or how many practice trials are saved by having learned it before
Term
retention interval
Definition
the time between presentation of materials to be remembered and the measure of forgetting
Term
pseudoforgetting
Definition
forgetting something you never really learned
Term
decay
Definition
information fades with time
Term
interface
Definition
people forgetting information because of compatition with other material
Term
retroactive
Definition
new information impairs the retention of previously learned information
Term
Proactive
Definition
previously learned impaired new information root information that comes before test material
Term
encoding specific principal
Definition
value of retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to memory code
Term
Transfer appropriate processing
Definition
initial processing of information is similar to the type of processing required by the subsequent measure of retention
Term
Long term potential
Definition
long lasting increase in neural excitability at synapses along a specific neural pathway
Term
organic amnesia
Definition
extensive memory loss due to head injury
Term
retrograde amnesia
Definition
loss of memory before amnesia
Example : 25 year old has trauma forgets 3-7 years before erased
Term
anterograde amnesia
Definition
loss of memory of event and things that happen after
example : cant remember people she meets or where she parks the car
Term
consolidation
Definition
a hypothetical process involving the gradual conversation of information into durable memory codes stored in long term memory
Term
implicit memory
Definition
when retention is exhibited on a task tht does not require intentional remembering
Term
explicit memory
Definition
involves international recollection of previous experiences
Term
declarative
Definition
factual information (word definitions)
Term
non declarative
Definition
memory for actions , skills , operation
Term
mnemonic devices
Definition
methods used to recall information
Term
over learning
Definition
continuing to rehearse after you have mastered it
Term
serial position effect
Definition
better recall from start of list and end then the middle
Term
link method
Definition
forming mental images to remember them and how they link together
Term
method of loci
Definition
imagery walk along the familiar paths where images of items to be remembered associated with certain locations
Term
key word method
Definition
concrete word with abstract to remember
Term
language
Definition
symbols that convery meaning plus rules for combining those symbols that can be used to generate an infinite variety of messages
Term
what are the properties of language
Definition
symbolic , sematic , generative , structured
Term
Phonemes
Definition
the smallest speech units in in language that can be distinguished perceptually
Term
Morphemes
Definition
the smallest unit of meaning in a language . 50000 in the english language
Example : fine -1 Unfriendly -3
Term
sematics
Definition
area of language concerned with understanding and the meaning of words and word conversation
Term
Denotion
Definition
dictionary definition
Term
connotation
Definition
emotional overtones and secondary implications
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