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| the view that knowledge oringinates in experiance and that science should there for observation and experimentation |
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| an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind |
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| a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how the enable us to adapt, survive and flourish |
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| the study of behavior and thinking using experimental methods |
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| the view that psychology should be an objective science that syudies behavior without refernce to mental processes |
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| historically signifcant perpective that emphasied the growth potentail of health people and the individual's potential for perpective growth |
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| the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linke with cognition (including: perpective, thinking, memory and lanuage) |
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| the science of behavioral anfd mental processes |
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| the controversy over the relative contributions that genres and experience make the development of psycholgical traits and behaviors. today science sees traits and behavior arising from interaction with nature and nurture |
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| the principle that nature selects the traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
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| the differing compentary views, from biological to psycholgical to social cutural, for analyizing any given phenomenon |
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| which considers the influences of biolgical, psychological and social cutural factors |
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| biological psychology- a branch of psychology that syudies the links between biological processes |
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| the study of roots of behvior and mental processes testing principles of natural selection |
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| the studies of how the unconsciuos drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders |
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| the scientific study of observable behavior of learning |
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| the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicationg |
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| the study of how situations and cultures affects our behavior and thinking |
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| the study of the measurements of human abilities, attitudes and traits |
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| pure scientific knowlege that is increased by pure science |
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| the study of pyhsical, cognitive and social change throughout the life span |
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| the study of hw psychological process affect and enhance learning and teaching |
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| the study of one's characterisric pattern of thinking, feeling and acting |
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| study of how we think influence and relate to one another |
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| study that aims to solve practical problems |
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| industrial/organization psycholgy |
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| the psychological concepts and methos to optimizing human behavior in the workplace |
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| the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily machines and environment |
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| a branch of psychology that assist people in living and acheievement of a greater well-being |
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| a branch of psychology that studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders |
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| a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders practiced by physicians to provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy |
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| study method that incorporates the principles of surveying, questioning,reading, rehearsing and reviewing |
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| tendency to believe after seeing, learing the outcome that one have forseen it |
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| thinking that does not blindly arguement and conclusion. Rather, it examiens assumptions, hidden value, evaluates evidence and assesses conclusion |
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| an explaination using an intergrated set on principles that organizes observations and predict behavior or events |
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| a testable prediction often by a theory |
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| a statement of procedures used to define research variables |
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| the essence of research study, usaully with different situations to see wheter basic findings extends to other particpants and circumstances |
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| observstion technique in which one person is isolated in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles |
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| technique used for ascetaing the self reported attidues of behavior of a particular group, usally by questioning a representative, random sample of the group |
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| An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies |
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| The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied |
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| A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion |
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| Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation |
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| A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. |
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| a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1) |
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| A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation |
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| The perception of a relationship where none exists |
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| A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effects on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant variable |
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| Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance ,thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups |
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| any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo |
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| in an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. |
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| in an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. |
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| a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment. |
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| The outcome factor, the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable |
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| The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution |
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| The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtaining by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores |
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| The middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it |
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| the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution |
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| A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score |
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| normal curve (normal distribution) |
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| a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68% fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer near the extremes |
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| A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance |
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| the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
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| an ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate |
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| the post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants |
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| all the cases in a group, being studied from which samples may be drawn (except national studies |
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