Term
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Definition
| metabolic reactions that a cell uses to get energy from food molecules and release waste products. |
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Term
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Definition
| When Oxygen (O2) is used in cellular respiration |
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Term
| Glucose as an Energy Source (Equation) |
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Definition
| Glucose+oxygen-->water+Energy intermediates+heat |
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Term
| When glucose is broken down via oxidation you get what? |
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Definition
| Carbon Dioxide and water. Energy from this is used to make 3 types of energy intermediates. ATP, NADH, and FADH2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose(compound w/ 6 carbon atoms) broken down to two pyruvate molecules producing net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules |
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Term
| Substrate-Level Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| When enzyme directly transfers a phosphate from an organic molecule to ADP. |
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Term
| Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group |
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Definition
| each broken down to a acetyl group and one CO2 molecule. for each one NADH is made by reduction |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of simple sugar glucose. can occur w/ or w/o oxygen |
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Term
| citric acid cycle (krebs cycle) |
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Definition
| breakdown of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| Hydrogen Ion gradient (Proton-motive Gradient) |
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Definition
| hydrogen ion concentration is higher outside the matrix than inside and excess exists outside the matrix. |
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Term
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Definition
| gains free energy from ion flow to produce ATP. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of organic molecules to harness energy without any net oxidation ( w/o removal of electrons) |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the synthesis of molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the synthesis of molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is not essential for cell structure, unique to one species or group, is not needed for survival usually. |
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Term
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Definition
| contain a cyclic ring of carbon w/ 3 double bonds(known as a benzene ring) When coventantly bonded to hydroxyl group known as a phenol |
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Term
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Definition
| Flavonoids, tannins, and lignins. |
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Term
| Characteristics of phenolics |
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Definition
| deterants. create a variety of flavors and smells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of structurally related molecules that all contain nitrogen and usually have cyclic ring-like structure |
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Term
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Definition
| Caffeine, nicotine, atrophine, morphine, and quinine. |
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Term
| Characteristics of alkaloids |
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Definition
| bitter-tasting. unpleasent odor, over stimulated, under stimulated, nasuated. |
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Term
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Definition
| five-carbon isoprene units, also called isoprenoids |
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Term
| Characteristic of terpenoids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| synthesized by polymerization of acetyl and propionyl |
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Term
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Definition
| Streptomycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline |
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