Term
| What is the difference between a ketose & an aldose? |
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Definition
aldose = a monosaccharide where the carbonyl group is at an end of the carbon chain
ketose = a monosaccharide where the carbonyl group is at any other position |
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Term
| What do Fischer projection formulas represent? |
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Definition
| three-dimensional sugar structures on paper |
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Term
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Definition
| two sugars that differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom; ex) D-glucose & G-mannose differ only in stereochemistry at C-2, D-glucose & D-galactose |
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Term
| What is the difference between a hemiacetal & a hemiketal? |
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Definition
hemiacetal = the derivative of a reaction between alcohols & aldehydes
hemiketal = the derivative of a reaction between alcohols & ketones |
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Term
| What is the relationship between anomers & anomeric carbon? |
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Definition
anomers = isomeric forms of monosaccharides that differ only in their configuration about the hemiacetal or hemiketal carbon atom
anomeric carbon = the carbonyl carbon atom |
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Term
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Definition
| six-membered ring compounds; named so because they resemble the six-membered ring compound "pyran" |
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Term
| What type of representation is best for cyclic sugar structures? |
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Definition
| Haworth perspective formulas (NOT Fischer projections used for linear sugar structures) |
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Term
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Definition
| when one ring form opens briefly into the linear form, then closes again to produce the other anomer; ex) the alpha & beta anomers of D-glucose interconvert in aqueous solution |
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Term
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Definition
| sugars capable of reducing cupric ion; ex) glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| when a hydroxyl group of one sugar molecule (cyclic) reacts with the anomeric carbon of the other; covalently joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide |
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Term
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Definition
| joins the anomeric carbon of a sugar to a nitrogen atom in glycoproteins & nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| the end of a chain in a disaccharide or polysaccharide with a free anomeric carbon |
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Term
| 4 ways glycans (polysaccharides) differ from each other |
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Definition
1. identity of their recurring monosaccharide units
2. length of their chain
3. types of bonds linking the units
4. degree of branching |
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Term
| What is the difference between homopolysaccharides & heteropolysaccharides? |
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Definition
homopolysaccharides = contain only a single monomeric species
heteropolysaccharides = contain two or more different kinds |
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Term
| 2 types of glucose polymer in starch |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the main storage polysaccharide of animal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a fibrous, tough, water-insoluble substance found in the cell walls of plants (esp. in stalks, stems, trunks, & all the woody portions of the plant body) |
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Term
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Definition
| the agar component with the fewest charged groups |
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Term
| extracellular matrix (ECM) |
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Definition
| a gel-like material that fills the extracellular space of multicellular animals |
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Term
| 2 alternating residues on hyaluronan |
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Definition
1. D-glucuronic acid
2. N-acetylglucosamine |
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Term
| What does chondroitin sulfate do in the body? |
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Definition
| contributes to the tensile strength of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, & the walls of the aorta |
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Term
| Do all animal cells produce heparin sulfate? |
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Definition
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