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| A categorical statement of the form "All S are P" this states that all members of S are members of P. Also called a "universal affirmative" |
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| A subfield of formal logic that looks at the relationships between categories or groups |
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| A claim about whether the members of one category are, are not, or may be members of another category. |
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| A form of argument in which one categorical statement is deduced grin twi other categorical statements |
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| A group or collection of things |
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| The opposite of a given category. For example, the complement of the category "eagles" is "non-eagles" (everything that is not an eagle) |
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| Categorical statements in a pair such that if one is true, the other must be false, and vice versa. Statements of the A and O form are contrary to one another so are statements of the E and I form. |
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Definition
| A logical operation in which a categorical statement is converted (its subject and predicate are reversed) and "non-" is attached to be categories. |
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| Categorical statements that can both be false at the same time but cannot be both true at the same time. Statements of the A and E forms are contrary to one another. |
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Definition
| A logical operation performed on a categorical statement by switching the subject and the predicate. Only A and I statements can be converted while staring logically equivalent. |
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| A property of categories within categorical statements. A category is a distributed with a categorical statement if the statement indicates something about each and every member of that category. The subject category is distributed in A and E for statements, the Predicate category is distributed in E and O statements |
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Definition
| A categorical statement of the form "Some S are P". This states that there exists atlas one member of S that is also a member of P. Also called a "particular affirmative" |
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| Logically Equivalent Statements |
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Definition
| Statements the are true and false under the same conditions: meaning that they could both be true or both be false, but if one were true, the other cold not be false. For example "all S are P" is logically equivalent to "No S are not P" |
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Definition
| In a categorical syllogism the term that appears in both premises but not the conclusion |
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| In a categorical syllogism the predicate in the conclusion |
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| In a categorical syllogism the subject of the conclusion |
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| A categorical statement of the form "Some S are not P". This states that there exist at least one member of S that is not also a member of P. Also called a "particular negative. |
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Definition
| A logical operation in which the scope of a categorical statement is switched (from positive to negative or from negative to positive) and "non-" os added to the predicate. All obverted statements are logically equivalent to their originals |
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Definition
| A categorical statement that describes a property of some (but not all) members of the subject category. |
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Definition
| The group that is related to the subject category in a categorical statement. For example, in "All ants are insects," the predicate category is "insects" |
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Definition
| A graphic representation of the logical relationship between the four types of categories statement. |
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Definition
| Categorical statements that can both be true at the same time but cannot both be false at the same time. Statements of the I and O forms are sub-contrary to one another |
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| The group that a categorical statement says something about. For example, in "all ants are insects," the subject category is "ants" |
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| A categorical statement that describes a property of all members of that subject category. |
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| A diagram of overlapping circles represent a proposition |
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