Term
| What do luting agents do? |
|
Definition
| hold restoration in place |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bonding do luting agents use? |
|
Definition
| Macromechanical bonding (most not adhesive) |
|
|
Term
| What is done with excess cement? Why? |
|
Definition
| it is removed by scaling to prevent gingival irritation |
|
|
Term
| Why should the margins of a crown be well fitted? |
|
Definition
| to reduce the likelihood of decay because dental cement is extremely soluble |
|
|
Term
| Should bases or liners be placed at the margins of a restoration? Why? |
|
Definition
| no, because these cause increased solubility and recurrent decay |
|
|
Term
| Can your diet effect how long a crown will last? |
|
Definition
| yes, a more acidic environment will cause the luting agent to be more soluble |
|
|
Term
| When are dental cements used as an intermediate base or liner? |
|
Definition
| when the remaining dentin is believed to be less than 2 mm thick |
|
|
Term
| What is a liner used for? |
|
Definition
| used to protect pulp from chemical irritation |
|
|
Term
| What may a liner stimulate? |
|
Definition
| May stimulate secondary dentin or release fluoride |
|
|
Term
| Are liners used as must as the used to be? Why? |
|
Definition
| no, because it is now known that composite material is not irritating to pulp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide thermal insulation |
|
|
Term
| Is there much of a difference between bases and liners? |
|
Definition
| Distinction between liners and bases now blurred due to stronger liners on the market |
|
|
Term
| When is a temporary restoration used? |
|
Definition
| during an emergency, only lasts a short time |
|
|
Term
| When is a time that a temporary restoration might be used? |
|
Definition
| when we can't tell the difference between reversible vs. irreversible pilpitis |
|
|
Term
| How can a temporary restoration help prevent a root canal? |
|
Definition
| Temporary placed to allow pulp to calm down then may not need root canal therapy |
|
|
Term
| When is temporary restoration used as a base? |
|
Definition
| When permanent restoration placed will not remove all of the temp restoration leave some as a base so as not to irritate pulp a second time |
|
|
Term
| Temporary restorations are a BLANK base. |
|
Definition
| Temporary restorations are a intermediate base. |
|
|
Term
| What else do temporary restorations do? |
|
Definition
| allow the overlying dentin to not be exposed for a second time |
|
|
Term
| What are other formulations of dental cement also used for? |
|
Definition
| endodontic sealers and periodontal packs |
|
|
Term
| What are some other cement formulations? |
|
Definition
| Impression and bite registration materials |
|
|
Term
| What is placed first the adhesive or irritating material? |
|
Definition
adhesive then irritating
ex: Calcium hydroxide, varnish, then amalgam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cavity sealer that is not a dental cement but also protects the pulp |
|
|
Term
| What are varnishes made of? |
|
Definition
| Resin dissolved in a solvent (solvent evaporates leaves very thin layer of resin) |
|
|
Term
| Are varnishes used with composites? |
|
Definition
| no because it interferes with adhesion |
|
|
Term
| Why are varnishes used with amalgams? |
|
Definition
| to reduce initial microleakage until corrosion products form at margins |
|
|
Term
| Is varnish used as a chemical or thermal base? |
|
Definition
| chemical barrier that protect pulp from irritating base or luting agent |
|
|
Term
| Do clinical studies support the use of dentinal bonding agents with amalgam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is gluma? Where is it used? |
|
Definition
| original DBS material, now used as a primer (substitute for varnish) under amalgams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brittle ceramic materials |
|
|
Term
| Are composite cements brittle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formulation of dental cements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The liquid is the BLANK, the powder is the BLANK. |
|
Definition
| the liquid is the acid and the powder is the base |
|
|
Term
| What is the reaction of dental cemenets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chemistry of composite cements like? |
|
Definition
| same as that of acrylics and composites |
|
|
Term
| What do dental cements made with large powder particles cause? |
|
Definition
| Large particles result in increased film thickness resulting in open margins and recurrent decay |
|
|
Term
| What are the two materials used to make powders for dental cements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What special properties does zinc oxide have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some products zinc oxide is used in? |
|
Definition
| Diaper rash and foot powder products, sunscreen |
|
|
Term
| What two products are often added to zinc oxide to control setting rate? |
|
Definition
1.Aluminium
2.Magnesium oxide |
|
|
Term
| What is the formula of glasS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is silicon oxide added with so that is will mix with strong acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does glass react with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| because it is made of translucent glass particles |
|
|
Term
| Why is fluoride a common glass additive? |
|
Definition
| to reduce melting temperature and improve flow of molten glass |
|
|
Term
| What is the result when fluoride is included in dental cementS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is: Organic liquid contains oil of cloves (weak acid). What is this liquid used it? |
|
Definition
| Eugenol, used in dental cements |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean if something is Obtundent? What is an example of a chemical that is obtundent? |
|
Definition
| it means that it reduces pulpal irritation, eugenol |
|
|
Term
| What does eugenol inhibit? |
|
Definition
| free radical polymerization |
|
|
Term
| Why is the use of eugenol-containing cements limited? |
|
Definition
| because they inhibit free radical polymerization they will inhibit the set of composite restorative materials |
|
|
Term
| What is another example of a liquid used in dental cements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aqueous solution of approximately 2/3 phosphoric acid and 1/3 water |
|
|
Term
| What is a down side to phosphoric acid? |
|
Definition
| it is very irritating to the tissues |
|
|
Term
| Do we keep the lid on phosphoric acid? Why? |
|
Definition
| Keep cap on bottle to limit evaporation |
|
|
Term
| What is a sign that phosphoric acid needs to be thrown away? |
|
Definition
| Liquid appears cloudy needs to be thrown away |
|
|
Term
| What is Polyacrylic acid? |
|
Definition
| another liquid used in dental cement |
|
|
Term
| How are Polyacrylic acid and phosphoric acid alike? |
|
Definition
| they both shouldnt be dispensed until they are ready to be used because the water in them will evaporate quickly |
|
|
Term
| What does polyacrylic acid bond to? |
|
Definition
| the calcium in the tooth structure |
|
|
Term
| When does freeze-dried polyacrylic acid react? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens after water hardening cements are mixed with water? |
|
Definition
| then reacts with zinc oxide or powdered glass |
|
|
Term
| Is a base/temporary restoration mix or a luting mix thicker? |
|
Definition
| base/temporary luting mix |
|
|
Term
| is more or less powder better? |
|
Definition
| the more the powder the higher the strength and lower the solubility(the better the cement) |
|
|
Term
| Does more powder result in an increased or decreased working time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens if a cement is too thick? |
|
Definition
| the restoration will not set properly |
|
|
Term
| Why can't dental cements be mixed too slow? |
|
Definition
| acid groups react with powder and are not available to react with tooth structure AND the resulting mix will be too thick |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.powder/liquid
2.paste/paste(not as good) |
|
|
Term
| Why are dental cements mixed on Mixing pads coated with plastic? |
|
Definition
| because paper particles can weaken cement |
|
|
Term
| What is zinc phosphate mixed on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does ZOE stand for? What is it? |
|
Definition
| zinc oxide – eugenol, is a dental cement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Temporary cements/ not permanent cement (too weak) |
|
|
Term
| What is reinforced ZOE used for? |
|
Definition
| temporary restorations and intermediate bases (not used much anymore) |
|
|
Term
| What kind of properties does ZOE do to the pulp? |
|
Definition
| Sedative properties to pulp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the powder is forced into the liquid |
|
|
Term
| WHat happens if there is not enough powder used in liquid/powder ZOE cement? |
|
Definition
| cement is too sticky to work with |
|
|
Term
| Are you supposed to wash the slab before or after materials set? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After ZOE material is set in mouth is it easy to remove? |
|
Definition
| yes it breaks off in big chunks |
|
|
Term
| What is zinc phosphate cement made of? |
|
Definition
| zinc oxide powder mixed with phosphoric acid |
|
|
Term
| What is a good thing about zinc phosphate cement? |
|
Definition
| it comes in different shades |
|
|
Term
| Cement can effect the BLANK of a restoration. |
|
Definition
| Cement can effect the esthetics of a restoration. |
|
|
Term
| Zinc phosphate cement powder is mixed with for a trial cementing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is done if the zinc phosphate cement shade is acceptable? |
|
Definition
| then the cement is mixed with cement liquid and the crown is luted in place |
|
|
Term
| What is zinc phosphate cement mixed on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it so important to mix zinc phosphate cement on a CHILLED glass slab? |
|
Definition
| Reaction very exothermic so it is important to dissipate the heat as it will cause it to set quickly |
|
|
Term
| How is zinc phosphate mixed? |
|
Definition
-Mixed slowly over a large area of the slab
-small increments of powder added first then larger ones |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of zinc phosphate cement? |
|
Definition
-Cementing inlays, crowns, bridges and ortho bands
-Sometimes used as a base (protect pulp with liner or varnish) |
|
|
Term
| How is glass ionomer cement formed? |
|
Definition
| Formed when glass powder mixed with polyacrylic acid |
|
|
Term
| Are resin reinforced products popular? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does glass ionomer cement set? |
|
Definition
| Set via acid/base reaction and addition polymerization (stronger than other cements) |
|
|
Term
| WHat are the uses of glass ionomer cement? |
|
Definition
1.luting
2.restorative
3.base/liner
4.glass ionomer cements |
|
|
Term
| What are the luting materials made of glass ionomer like? |
|
Definition
-Very popular
-Cement of choice for luting metal and PFM crowns |
|
|
Term
| What class restorations are glass ionomers good for? |
|
Definition
| Good for Class V restorations |
|
|
Term
| Glass ionomer material used as base/liner |
|
Definition
Light activated, resin reinforced products are popular
Used for temporary restoration or a large base |
|
|
Term
| How are glass ionomer cements mixed? |
|
Definition
-powder/liquid(premeasured capsule)
-paste/paste (double barrel dispensing paste) |
|
|
Term
| Are glass ionomer cements strong? Soluble? |
|
Definition
| one of the strongest and least soluble(except composite cements) |
|
|
Term
| Are glass ionomer cements adhesive? Do they release fluoride? |
|
Definition
| Adhesive and release fluoride |
|
|
Term
| What all does glass ionomer cement bond to? |
|
Definition
| Bond to tooth structure, stainless steel, and metal in porcelain fused to metal crowns |
|
|
Term
| What is glass ionomer cement mixed on? |
|
Definition
| Paper pad with cement spatula |
|
|
Term
| What is the quick mixing time for glass ionomer cement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glass ionomer material must be placed while surface is still BLANK. |
|
Definition
| Glass ionomer material must be placed while surface is still glossy |
|
|
Term
| What is polycarboxylate Cement made of? |
|
Definition
| Zinc oxide powder mixed with polyacrylic acid |
|
|
Term
| Is Polycarboxylate Cement strong or soluble? |
|
Definition
| Not very strong with moderate solubility |
|
|
Term
| Is polycarboxalate cement used much? |
|
Definition
| Not used as much as glass ionomer and zinc phosphate cements |
|
|
Term
| How is polycarboxolate cement mixed? |
|
Definition
| Powder/liquid mixed on a paper pad |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for composite cements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is there a higher percentage of resin in composite ceramics? |
|
Definition
| Higher percentage of resin to reduce viscosity |
|
|
Term
| What is composite cement used for? |
|
Definition
-Cement of choice for luting all ceramic restorations
-Good for recementing poorly fitting crowns |
|
|
Term
| Do composite cements come in one color? |
|
Definition
| no it comes in a variety of shades |
|
|
Term
| What are Calcium hydroxide bases and liners recommended for? |
|
Definition
| Direct pulp-capping : promote formation of secondary dentin |
|
|
Term
| What did calcium hydroxide introduce? |
|
Definition
| dentinal bonding system but not used as much anymore |
|
|
Term
| What is the use of temporary cements? |
|
Definition
| Used to temporarily bond temporary restoration (crown) while permanent crown is being fabricated |
|
|
Term
| Are temporary cements strong? |
|
Definition
| Not too strong, not too weak (temp fall off) |
|
|
Term
| What did old formation of temporary cements contain? |
|
Definition
| Old formulations contain Eugenol |
|
|
Term
| Why did use of ZOE decline? |
|
Definition
| dentists think eugenol inhibits polymerization of resin cements |
|
|
Term
| What are new formations of dental cements without eugenol like? |
|
Definition
| not brittle but gummy and difficult to remove excess cement |
|
|
Term
| What are periopacks and endo sealers made of? |
|
Definition
| ZOE formulations, some withot eugenol |
|
|
Term
| What makes working with eugenol unpleasent? |
|
Definition
| Eugenol has unpleasant taste and smell |
|
|
Term
| How is a perio pak held in place? |
|
Definition
| with undercuts and tooth embrasures |
|
|
