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chapter 7
cell structure and theory
23
Biology
11th Grade
01/16/2013

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Term
cell
Definition
basic unit of structure and organization of all living organism
Term
cell theory
Definition
1.organism are made of cells
2.cells are the basic unit of life
3.cell only come from other cells
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters/leaves the cell
Term
organelle
Definition
specialized internal structure that carries out specific cell functions
Term
eukaryotic cell
Definition
unicellular organism with membrane bound nucleus and organelles. (larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells)
Term
nucleu
Definition
center of an atom, central organelles "management" contains DNA
Term
selectively permeablility
Definition
property of the plasma membrane that allows the membrane to control the movement of substance into or out of the cell
Term
phospholipid bilayer
Definition
plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside
Term
fluid mosiac model
Definition
components constantly in motions, sliding past each other within the lipid layer
Term
transport protein
Definition
protein that moves substance or wastes through the plasma membrane
Term
diffusion
Definition
net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Term
dynamic equilibrium
Definition
continuous random particle movement with no overall concentration change
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
passive transport of ions/small molecules across membrane by transport proteins (channel/carrier proteins specifically)
Term
osmosis
Definition
diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane
Term
isotonic solution
Definition
solution with same concentration outside and inside cell; (cell remains normal, no net movement)
Term
hypotonic solution
Definition
solution with lover solute concentration outside than inside the cell (cell with bloat)
Term
hypertonic solution
Definition
solution with higher solute concentration outside than inside the cell (cell with shrivel)
Term
active transport
Definition
energy-requiring process in which substances move across the membrane against the concentration gradient
Term
endocytosis
Definition
energy-requiring process by which large substances can enter a cell
Term
exocytosis
Definition
energy-requiring process by which cells expels wastes/substance by pinching it out of the cell
Term
solute
Definition
minor component in solution (dissolved by solvent)
Term
solvent
Definition
substance able to dissolve other substance
Term
solution
Definition
liquid mixture in which solute is evenly distributed within solvent
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