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| Theory of Plate Tectonics |
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Definition
| Theory that states that Earth's lithosphere(crust and upper mantle) move on top of the asthenosphere. |
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| Made of crust and upper mantle, makes up tectonic plates. |
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| Outermost layer of the Earth. |
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| Boundary where two tectonic plates move toward each other, mountain building and volcanoes occur here. |
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| Mid-Ocean or Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
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Definition
| Underwater mountain range. Sea-floor spreading occurs here. |
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The surface along which rocks break and slide past each other. |
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| Theory of Continental Drift |
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Definition
| Alfred Wegener's theory that states that all of the continents were one large land mass and over millions of years, moved to their present locaation. Also explains why fossils of the same plants and animals are found on different continents. |
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| Folds in rock caused by compression, downward, troughlike folds. Looks like a sink! |
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| Layer of the Earth that contains most of Earth's mass. |
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| Fault where hanging wall is forced up the foot wall, caused by compression. |
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| Name Wegener gave the single land mass that existed millions of years ago. |
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| Fault where hanging wall moves down the foot wall, caused by tension. |
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| Heat rises from the core towards the crust causing plates to move. |
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| Boundary where two plates move away from each other, sea-floor spreading occurs and new ocean crust is formed. |
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| Stress that occurs when forces stretch an object, like in a normal fault. |
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Definition
| Made of upper mantle, tectonic plates move on top of this. |
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Definition
Fault where earthquakes occur. |
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Definition
| Highest mountains in the world, form at convergent boundaries where continents collide. |
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| Boundary where two plates move past each other, earthquakes occur here. San Andreas Fault in California is a great example of this type of boundary |
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| Two plates move away from each other, magma rises in between, hardens and new ocean floor is created |
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| Rock layers are folded so that both ends of the fold are horizontal. |
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| Stress that occurs when forces squeeze an object, like a reverse fault. |
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| Occurs at a convergent boundary. One plate moves below the other. A continental plate and an oceanic plate coming together. |
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These mountains are located at convergent boundaries where oceanic crust sinks into the asthenosphere at subduction zones, magma rises to the Earth's surface forming these mountains. |
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Definition
| Deformation of rocks caused by compression, upward arching fold in the rock |
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| Innermost part of the Earth. |
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| Mountains that form when tension causes large blocks of the Earth's crust to drop downwards. Have sharp jagged peaks. |
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