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| The branch of pyschology that focuses on the study of higher mental processes, including thinking, language, memory, problem solving, knowing, reasoning, judging, and decision making. |
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| The manipulation of mental representations of information. |
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| Representations in the mind that resemble the object or event being represented. |
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| Categorizations of objects, events, or people that share common properties. |
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| Typical, highly representative examples of a concept. |
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| A rule that, if applied appropriately, guarentees a solution to a problem. |
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| A cognitive shortcut that may lead to a solution. |
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| Repeated testing for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exists. |
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| The tendency to think of an object only in terms of its typical use. |
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| The tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist. |
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| The tendency to favor information that supports one's intial hypotheses and ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions. |
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| The ability to generate orignal ideas or solve problems in novel ways. |
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| The ability to generate unusal, yet nonetheless appropriate, responses to problems or questions. |
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| The ability to produce responses that are based primarily on knowledge and logic. |
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| The communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules. |
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| The system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed. |
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Definition
| The study of the smallest units of speech, called phonemes. |
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| Ways in which words and phrases can be combined to form sentences. |
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| The rules governing the meaning of words and sentences. |
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| Meaningless speechlike sounds made by children from around the age of 3 months through 1 year. |
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Definition
| Sentences in which words not critical to the message are left out. |
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| The phenomenon by which children apply language rules even when the application results in an error. |
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| learning-theory approach (to language developement) |
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Definition
| The theory suggesting that language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning. |
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| nativist approach (to language developement) |
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Definition
| The theory that a genetically determined, innate mechanism directs language development. |
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Term
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Definition
| Noam Chomsky's theory that all the worlds language share a common underlying structure. |
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Term
| language-acquisition device |
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Definition
| A neural system of the brain hypothesized by Noam Chomsky to permit understanding of language. |
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Term
| interactionist approach (to language development) |
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Definition
| The view that language developement is produced through a combination of genetically determined predispotions and enviromental circumstances that help each language. |
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Definition
| The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges. |
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| The single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence. |
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Definition
| Intelligence that reflects information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory. |
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