Term
| What are the ranges of temperature for bacteria? |
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Definition
Minimum Temperature
Maximum Temperature
Optimum Temperature |
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Term
| What is Minimum Temperature |
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Definition
| The lowest temperature that permits a microbe's continued growth and metabolism. |
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Term
| What is Maximum temperature? |
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Definition
| The highest temperature at which growth and metabolism can proceed. |
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Term
| What is Optimum Temperature? |
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Definition
| A small range intermediate between the minimum and maximum, which promotes the fast rate of growth and metabolism. |
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Term
| What is another way to express temperature adaptation? |
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Definition
| To Describe whether and orgainsm grows optimally in a cold, moderate, or hot temperature range. |
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Term
| What are temperature optima? There are five. |
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Definition
Psychrophile
Psychromtroph
Thermophile
Mesophile
Extremethermophile |
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Term
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Definition
| A miroogranism that has an optimum temperature below 15c and is capable of growth at 0c. Can not grow in warm temp. |
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Term
| Psychrotrophs or facultative psychronphiles can do what? |
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Definition
| Grow slowly in cold but have an optimum temperature above 20c |
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Term
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Definition
An organism that grows at intermediate temperatures.
Temperature, subtropical, and tropical regions. |
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Term
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Definition
A microbe that grows optimally at temperatures greater than 45c.
Vary in heat reguirements.
General range of growth of 45c to 80c |
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Term
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Definition
| Grow between 80c and 120c |
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Term
| What atmospheric gases that most influence microbial growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen has most what on bacteria? |
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Definition
| Has the greatest impact on microbial growth. |
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Term
| As oxygen gas enters in the cellular reactions what happens? |
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Definition
| it is then transformed into several toxic products. |
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Term
| Most cells have developed ______ that go about scavenging and neutralizing these chemicals. And what type of chemicals? |
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Definition
Enzymes
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) "Chemical"
Catalase "Chemical" |
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Term
| What are several general categories of oxygen requirements? |
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Definition
1) Aerobe
2) Obligare aerobe
3) Facultative anaerobe
4) Microaerophole |
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Term
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Definition
| Can use gaseous oxygen in its metabolism and possesses the enzymes needed to process toxic oxygen products. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cannot grow without oxygen. |
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Term
| What is Facultative anerobe? |
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Definition
| An aerobe that does not require oxygen for its metabolism and is capable of growth in the absence of it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Does not grow at normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen but requires a small amount of it in metabolism. |
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Term
| What is the gases requirements? |
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Definition
| Being either and anaerobe, strict or obligate anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lacks the metabolic enzyme systems for using oxygen in respiration. |
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Term
| What is strict of obligate anaerobes? |
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Definition
| Cannot tolerate any free oxygen in the immediate environment and will die if exposed to it. |
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Term
| What is Aerotolerant anaerobes? |
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Definition
| Do not utilize oxygen but can survive and grow to a limited extent in its presence |
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Term
| Do all microbes requires some carbon dioxide? |
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Definition
| All microbes require some carbon dioxide in their metabolism. |
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Term
| What are the effects of pH? |
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Definition
Majority of orgaisms live or grow in habitats between pH 6 and 8.
Acidophiles, Neutrophiles, Alkaliphiles
Obligate acidophiles |
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Term
| Most of microbes live under what type of osmotic pressure? |
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Definition
| Hypotonic or isotonic conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Live in habitats with a high solute concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prefer high concentration of salt |
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Term
| What is Obligate halophiles? |
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Definition
| Grows optimally in solutions of 25% NaCl but require at leaast 9% NaCl for growth |
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Term
| What is Nonphotosynthetic microbes? |
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Definition
| Tend to be damaged by the toxic oxygen products produced by contact with light. |
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Term
| What are other types of radiation that can damage microbes? |
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Definition
| Ultraviolet and ionizing rays. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deep-sea microbes that exist under hydrostatic pressures ranging form a few times to over 1,00 ties the pressure of the atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What types of cells do not need water when trying to survive? |
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Definition
| Only when dormant, dehydrated cell tolerate extreme drying. |
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Term
What sort of microbe only grows in the presence of oxygen?
A) Anaerobe
B)Facultative anaerobe
C) Aerobe
D) Halophile |
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Definition
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Term
| What ecological associations among microorganism? |
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Definition
Most microbes live in shared habitats.
Interactions can beneficial, harmful, or not seen effects on the organism.
They can be obligatory or nonobligatory to the members.
They often involve nutritional interactions |
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Term
| What are some terms that happen when two organism have a close partnership? |
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Definition
Mutualism
Commensalism
Satellitism
Parasitism |
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Term
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Definition
| When a organisms live in an obligatory but mutually beneficial relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
| The member called the commensal receives benefits, while its coinhabitant is neither harmed nor benefited. |
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Term
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Definition
| When one member provides nutritional or protective factors needed by the other. |
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Term
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Definition
| A relationship in which the host organism provides the parasitic microbe with nutrients and a habitat. |
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Term
| What is nonsymbiotic relationship? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An interrelationship between two or more free living organisms that benefits them but is not necessary for their survival. |
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Term
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Definition
| An association between free-living species that arises when members of a community compete. |
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Term
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Definition
- Estimated to contribute to 80% of chronic infections
- Resistant to most
- Mixed communities of organisms
- Quorum Sensing |
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Term
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Definition
- Estimated to contribute to 80% of chronic infections
- Resistant to most
- Mixed communities of organisms
- Quorum Sensing |
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