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| A largely arbitrary system of communication that combines symbols (such as words or gestural signs) in rule-based ways to create meaning |
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| intentional vocalization that lacks specific meaning |
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| allowing an infinite number of unique sentences to be created by combining words in novel ways |
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| select language developed and understood only by a small number of people, typically twins |
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| system of signs invented by deaf children of hearing parents who receive no language input |
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| language developed by members of deaf communities that uses visual rather than auditory communication |
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| proficient and fluent at speaking and comprehending two distinct languages |
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| view that all thought is represented verbally and that, as a result, our language defines our thinking |
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| any mental activity or processing of information, including learning, remembering, perceiving, believing, and deciding |
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| collection of real or imagined objects, actions, and characteristics that share core properties |
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| the general ideas or thoughts associated with members of a category |
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| generating a cognitive strategy to accomplish a goal |
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| phenomenon of becoming stuck in a specific problem-solving strategy, inhibiting our ability to generate alternatives |
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| difficulty conceptualizing that an object typically used for one purpose can be used for another |
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| diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability |
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| capacity to understand hypothetical concepts |
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| particular ability of levels in a narrow domain |
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| Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems |
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| Crystallized Intelligence |
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| Idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skills |
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| model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg positing three distinct types of intelligences: analytical, practical, and creative. |
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| capacity to generate may solutions to a problem |
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| capacity to generate the single best solution to a problem |
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| ability to understand our own emotions and those of others, and to apply this information to our daily lives |
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| systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence |
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| age corresponding to the average individuals performance on an intelligence test |
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| expression of a persons IQ relative to his or her same aged peers |
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| movement in the early 20th century to improve a populations genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce, preventing those with bad genes from reproducing, or both |
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| most widely used intelligence test for adults today |
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| intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis Terman of Stanford University |
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| abstract reasoning items that dont depend on language and are often believed to be less influences by cultural factors than other IQ tests |
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| distribution of scores in which the bulk of the scores fall toward the middle, with progressively fewer scores toward the "tails" or extremes |
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| finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately 3 points per decade |
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| tendency of a test to predict outcomes better in one group than another |
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| within-group heritability |
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| extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is geneticially influenced |
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| between-group heritability |
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| extent to which differences in a trait between groups is genetically influenced |
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| fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype |
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