Term
|
Definition
| An approach to psychology that emphasizes the integrative and active nature of perception and thought suggesting that the whole may be greater than the sum of its parts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a German word for pattern or configuration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| KURT LEWIN: approach to personality, suggesting that behavior is determined by complex interactions among a person's internal pschological structure, the forces of the external enviornemtn, and the structural relationships between the person and the enviornment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| KURT LEWIN: theory, all the internal and external forces that act on an individual |
|
|
Term
| Contemporaneous causation |
|
Definition
| KURT LEWIN: concept that behavior is caused at the moment of its occurrence by all the influences that are present in the individual at that moment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individual's distinctive, enduring way of dealing with everyday tasks of perception and problem solving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the extent to which an individual's problem solving is influenced by prominent but irrelevent aspects of the context in which the problem occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extent to which a person comprehends, utilizes, and is comfortable with a greater number of distinctions or separate elements into which an entity or event is analyzed, and the extent to which the person can integrate these elements by drawing connections or relationships among them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The characeristic way in which an individual approaches a task or skill to be learned |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cognitives tructure that organizs knowledge and expectations about one's enviornment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A schema that guides behavior in social situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The perceptual process by which highly complex ensembles of info are filtered into a small number of identifiable and familiar objects and entities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A schema or belief about the personality traits that tend to be characteristic of members of some group |
|
|
Term
| Socially Situated Cognition |
|
Definition
| Social-cognitive processes that change with changes in the situation |
|
|
Term
| Attention Deficity/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |
|
Definition
| disorder in which a person has atypical attentional processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Personality variable capturing the extent to which an individual is overly sensitive to cues that he/she is being rejected by another |
|
|
Term
| Personal Construct Theory |
|
Definition
| KELLY: Approach to personality proposed that emphasizes the idea that people actively endeavor to construe or understand the world and construct their own theories about human behavior. each one of us is a personality theorist |
|
|
Term
| Role Construct Repertory Test |
|
Definition
| An assessment instrument designed by George Kelly to evoke a person's own personal construct system by making comparisons among triads of important people in the life of the person being assessed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idea that individuals differ in their level of mastery of the particular cluster of knowledge and skills that are relevant to interpersonal situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Set of emotional abilities specific to dealing with other people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GARDNER: theory that claims that all human beings have at least sevent different ways of knowing about the world and that people differ from one another in the relative strengths of each of these seven ways. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to recognize and interpret emotions in the self and others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of cognitive personality variables that captures a person's habitual means of interpreting events in his/her life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Approach of anticipating a poorer outcome, thus reducing anxiety and actually improving performance in a risky situation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MARTIN SELIGMAN: describe a situation in which repeated exposure to unavoidable punishment leads an organism to accept later punishment even when it IS avoidable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teaching people to change their thoughts processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expected consequence fo a behavior that is the most significant influence on whether or not an individual will reproduce an observed behavior, in the view of Albert Bandura. also, the extent to which an individual expects his/her performance to have a positive result. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extent to which an individual values the epected reinforcement of an action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| JULIAN ROTTER: describes the likelihood that a particular behavior will occur in a specific situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| JULIAN ROTTER: expectancy that a reward will follow a behavior in a particular situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| JULIAN ROTTER: expectancies that're related to a group of situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DOLLAR AND MILLER: conditioned reinforcement. a previously neutral stimulus that becomes a reinforcer following its pairing with a primary reinforcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| JULIAN ROTTER: individuals unique combination of potential behaviors and the value of these behaviors to the individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| JULIAN ROTTER: theory, the variable that measures the extent to which an individual habitually attributes outcomes to factors internal to the self versus external to the self. |
|
|
Term
| Internal locus of Control |
|
Definition
| JULIAN ROTTER: generalized expectancy that an individual's own actions lead to desired outcomes |
|
|
Term
| External Locus of Control |
|
Definition
| JULIAN ROTTER: belief that things outside of the individual determine whether desired outcomes occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ALBERT BANDURA: set of cognitive processes by which a person perceives, evaluates, and regulates his/her own behavior so that it's appropriate to the enviornment and effective in achieving goals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Learning by an individual that occurs by watching others perform the behavior, with the individual neither performing the behavior nor being directly rewarded or punished for the behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Learning achieved by watching the experiences of another person. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monitoring one's own behavior as a result of one's internal processes of goals, planning and self-reinforcement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monitoring one's own behavior as a result of one's internal processes of goals, planning and self-reinforcement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expectancy or beleif about how ompetently one will be able to enact a behavior in a particular situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Standard test by which to judge whether a computer can adequately simulate a human. in this test, first proposed by alan turing, a human judge interacts with two hidden others and tries to decide which is the human and which the computer. |
|
|
