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| A mental activity that groups objects, relations, activities, abstractions, or qualities having common properties. |
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| An especially representative example of a concept. |
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| A unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea. |
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| An integrated mental network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world. |
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| A mental representation that mirrors or resembles the thing it represents; mental images can occur in many and perhaps all sensory modalities. |
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| Mental processes occuring outside of conscious awareness but accessible to consciousness when necessary. |
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| Mental processes occuring outside of and not available to conscious awareness. |
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| Learning that occurs when you acquire knowledge about smething without being aware of how you did so and without being able to state exactly what it is you have learned. |
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| The drawing of conclusions or inferences from observations, facts, or assumptions. |
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| A problem-solving strategy guaranteed to produce a solution even if the user does not know how it works. |
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| A form of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from certain premises; if that premises are true, the conclusion must be true. |
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| A form of reasoning in which the premises provide support for a conclusion, but it is still possible for the conclusion to be false. |
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| A rule of thumb that suggests a course of action or guides problem solving but does not guarantee an optimal solution. |
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| A process in which opposing facts or ideas are weighed and compared, with a view to determining the best solution or to resolving differences. |
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| The tendency to judge the probability of a type of event by how easy it is to think of examples or instances. |
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| A tendency to solve problems using procedures that worked before on similar problems. |
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| The tendency to overestimate one's ability to have predicted an event once the outcome is known; the "i knew it all along" phenomenon. |
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| The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that confirms one's own belief. |
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| A state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent, or when a person's belief is incongruent with his or her behaviour. |
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| In the theory of cognitive dissonance, tension that occurs when you believe you may have made a bad decision. |
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| The tendency of individuals to increase their liking for something that they have worked hard or suffered to attain; a common form of dissonance reduction. |
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| An inferred characteristic of an individual, usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment. |
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| A statistical method for analyzing the intercorrelations among various measures or test scores; clusters of measures or scores that are highly correlated are assumed to measure the same underlying trait, ability, or aptitude. |
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| A general ability assumed by many theorists to underlie specific mental abilities and talents. |
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| The measurement of mental abilities, traits, and processes. |
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| A measure of mental development expressed in terms of the average mental ability at a given age. |
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| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) |
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| A measure of intelligence now derived from norms provided for standardized intelligence tests. |
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| A burden of doubt a person feels about his or her performance, due to negative stereotypes about his or her group's abilities. |
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| Triarchic Theory of Intelligence |
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| A theory of intelligence that emphasized information-processing strategies, the ability to transfer skills to new situations, and the practical application of intelligence. |
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| The knowledge or awareness of one's own cognitive processes. |
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| Strategies for success that are not explicitly taught but that instead must be inferred. |
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| The ability to identify your own and other people's emotions accurately, express your emotions clearly, and regulate emotions in yourself and others. |
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| A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group. |
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| The study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals. |
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