Term
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Definition
| A combination of atoms other than C and H |
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Definition
| any substances that must be provided to an organism |
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Definition
| Contain C and H, usually the products of living things |
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Definition
| Must obtain C in organic form (nutritionally dependent on other living things) |
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| (self-feeder) uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source (not nutritionally dependent on other living things) |
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Definition
1. Maintaining pH
2. Forming hydrogen bonds between molecules
3. Serving as the source of free energy in oxidation-reduction reactions of respiration |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Oxygen makes up ____ of the atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary nitrogen source for hetertrophs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What must nitrogen sources be converted to? |
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Definition
| NH3, its the only form that can be directly combined with C to synthesize amino acids and other compounds |
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Term
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Definition
1. Key Component in nucleic
2. Also found in ATP
3. Phospholipids in cell membranes and coenzymes |
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Term
| Sulfur sources roles? (2) |
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Definition
1. Essential Component of some vitamins
2. Amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein synthesis and membrane function |
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Term
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Definition
| Certain Types of cell transport |
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Definition
| stabilizer of cell walls and endospores |
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Definition
| component of CHLOROPHYLL and stabilizer of membranes and ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| essential regulatory element for eukaryotic genetics and binding factors for ENZYMES |
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Term
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Definition
| an organic compound such as an amino acid, nitrogenous base, or vitamine that cannot be synthesized by an organism and must be provided as a nutrient |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| other-feeders use organic carbon |
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Definition
| self-feeders use carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemotroph, phototroph, lithotroph |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Use inorganic molecules like H2S |
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Term
| Humans are... (in regards to energy and carbon source) |
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Definition
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| Plants are... (in regards to energy and carbon sources) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| free-living microorganisms, decomposes of plant litter, animal matter, and dead microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| Most have rigid cell wall, so they release enzymes to the extracelluar environment and digest food particles into smaller molecules |
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Definition
| exist strictly on dead organic matter in soil and water |
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Term
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Definition
-derive nutrients from cells or tissues of a host
-also called pathogens because they cause damage to tissues or even death |
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Definition
| live on the body (ex. tics or lice) |
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Definition
| Live in organs and tissues |
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Definition
| live within cells ex: listeria monocytogens |
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Definition
-do not cross the membrane alone
requires a carrier
-need to concentrate essential nutrients
requires energy |
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Definition
| when atoms or molecules movie in a gradient from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Term
| Simple or passive diffusion? |
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Definition
| is limited to a small nonpolar molecules or lipid soluble molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| is selectively permeable; allows free diffusion of water but can block certain other dissolved molecules |
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Term
| When solute is not diffusible...? |
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Definition
| water will diffuse at a fast rate from the side that has more water to the side that has less water |
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Term
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Definition
the environment is equal in solute concentration to the cell's internal environment
-no change in cell volume
-most stable |
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Term
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Definition
the solute concentration of the external environment
-net direction of osmosis is from the hypotonic solution into the cell
-cells without cell walls swell and can burst |
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Definition
the enviornment has a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm
-will force water to diffuse out of the cell
-cell will shrink |
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Definition
| live in hypotonic pond-- cell wall protects them from bursting |
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Definition
| live in hypotonic pond-- a water vacuole moves excess water out of the cell |
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Definition
| live in a hypertonic great salt lake-- absorb salt to make their cells isotonic with the environment |
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Definition
-protein carrier
-no energy needed
-movement down the concentration gradient
-specificity
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Definition
-protein carrier and energy required
-movement against gradient |
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Definition
particles are engulfed
ex. viral entry |
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Term
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Definition
| process carried out by white blood cells to engulf cells or particles |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquids entering the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| liquids entering the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Package and release of substances from a cell |
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