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| a way to represent the network of relationships between depositional units. |
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| a 19th century American anthropologist who viewed the transition to agriculture as marking the boundary between the period of ‘savagery’ and the period of ‘barbarism’. |
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| the term v. gordon childe used to describe the transition to agriculture as an event that affected every aspect of human society. |
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| an archaeologist who saw agriculture as the result of a co-evolutionary process involving a symbolic relationship between plant and animal species. |
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| an anthropologist who views the shift from hunting to agriculture as a shift from trust to domination. |
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| an anthropologist who described hunter-gatherers as the ‘original affluent society’. |
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| an economist whose research suggests that increased population size might have been the cause of the shift to agriculture. |
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| broad spectrum adaptation |
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| exploration of a wide range of plant animal resources characteristic of many hunter-gatherer societies that preceded the shift to agriculture. |
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| the relationship between humans, on the one hand, and plant and animals, on the other. In which the humans play and integral role in the protection and reproduction of plants and animals. |
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| the tools used for daily tasks, including farming, food processing, and food storage. |
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| the term applied to the changed in society and settlement patterns in the transition to an agricultural way of life. This includes not only physical changed to the landscape through the construction of villages and monuments, but also a change in the way people viewed the landscape and the way the ownership of the land was conceived. |
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| A ribbon of Mediterranean climate that arcs across the Middle East. It is characterized by dry summers and winter rains with enough precipitation to support vegetation ranging from woodlands to open-park woodlands. |
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| societies in the middle east that practiced a broad-spectrum subsistence strategy that relied on a wide range of resources. |
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| the crescent shaped stone tool characteristic of the natufian |
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| 'mini' ice age - 12950 – 11650 BP |
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| subsection of the early Neolithic that follows the natufian and ranges from 12.000 – 10.800. It corresponds to the end of the younger dryas ‘mini ice age’. Evidence of communal structures. |
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| second subsection of the early Neolithic that corresponds to a period of improved climate after the end of the younger dryas ‘mini’ ice age. Dates from 10.800 – 8.500. shift from round to square houses. |
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| a 9-meter high structure made of undressed stone and mud brick dating to the pre-pottery Neolithic A. |
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| hidden objects category of ritual activity. Human skulls on which a plaster face has been modelled; found buried beneath floors on sites dating to the pre-pottery Neolithic B period. |
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| the part of a cereal plant that holds the seeds to the stalk and keeps the seed on the plant until it is harvested. |
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| language dispersion hypothesis |
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| the theory that the spread of agriculture across Europe was the result of the migration of farmers who spoke Indo-European languages. |
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| the term referring to the earliest farming communities that emerged around 7.200 years ago in central and western European culture; also referred to as LBK culture. |
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