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| basic unit of all forms of life |
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| fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic unites of structure and function in living things; new cells are produced from existing cells |
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| thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
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| in cells, a membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
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| organism whose cells contain a nucleus |
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| unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus |
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| specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell |
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| in eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells, all of the cell's contents |
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| strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells |
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| phospholipid (lipid) bilayer |
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| flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
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| term that describes biological membranes, which allow some substances to pass across them while others cannot; also called semi-permeable |
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| surrounds the nucleus; composed of two membranes |
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| substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones |
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| threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus, in prokaryotes, they are found in cytoplasm |
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| small dense region in the nucleus |
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| cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis |
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| internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled |
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| organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell |
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| cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
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| cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates |
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| cell organelle that carries out cellular respiration in nearly all eukaryotic cells, converting the chemical energy of food to the chemical energy of ATP |
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| organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that capture the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
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| network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement |
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| structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell divisions |
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