Term
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Definition
| a sentence imposed on convicted offenders that allows them to remain in the community under the supervision of a probation officer instead of being sent to prison |
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Term
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Definition
| British & early American practice of delaying sentencing following a conviction that could become permanent, depending on the offender's behavior |
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Term
| National Probation Act of 1925 |
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Definition
| the act that initiated the legal use of probation in the United States |
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Term
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Definition
| a branch of corrections defined as any activity performed by agents of the state to assist offenders in reestablishing functional law-abiding roles in the community while at the same time monitoring their behavior for criminal activity |
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Term
| 5 benefits for the community of probation |
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Definition
1. probation costs far less than imprisonment
2. employed probationers stay in their communities & continue to pay taxes, & offenders who were unemployed at the time of conviction may obtain training & help in finding a job
3. in the case of married offenders, community supervision maintains the integrity of the family whereas incarceration could lead to its disruption & all the negative consequences such disruption entails
4. probation prevents felons from becoming further embedded in a criminal lifestyle by being exposed to chronic offenders in prison
5. many more offenders get into trouble because of deficiencies than because of pathologies |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a number of innovative alternative sentences that may be imposed in place of the traditional prison/probation dichotomy |
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Term
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Definition
| programs designed to control offenders in a secure environment while at the same time allowing them to maintain employment |
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Term
| intensive supervision probation (ISP) |
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Definition
| probation that involves more frequent surveillance of probationers & that is typically limited to more serious offenders in the belief that there is a fighting chance that they may be rehabilitated (or to save the costs of incarceration) |
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Term
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Definition
| facilities modeled after military boot camps where young & nonviolent offenders are subjected to military-style discipline & physical & educational programs |
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Term
| victim-offender reconciliation programs (VORPs) |
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Definition
| programs designed to bring offenders & their victims together in an attempt to reconcile the wrongs the offenders have caused |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of justice that gives approximately equal weight to the community protection, offender accountability, & the offender |
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Term
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Definition
a three-pronged goal of the juvenile justice system:
1. to protect the community
2. to hold delinquent youths accountable
3. to provide treatment & positive models |
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Term
| 5 satisfactions reported by victims who participated in VORPs |
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Definition
1. meeting offenders helped reduce their fear of being revictimized
2. they appreciated the opportunity to tell offenders how they felt
3. being personally involved in the justice process was satisfying to them
4. they gained insight into the crime & into the offender's situation
5. they received restitution |
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