Term
| How much protein is required daily (on average) |
|
Definition
| Daily intake is roughly 30-50 g of protein for normal functioning |
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Term
| A diet in corn which is lacking tryptophan an essential amino acid will lead to what syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Kwashiorkor- failure to grow, pot belly, edema, depression, caused by low plasma protein concentration |
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Term
| Respiratory quotient of 1.0 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Respiratory quotient of .7 |
|
Definition
| Utilizing fats, seen in diabetes mellitus |
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Term
| Respiratory quotient of .8 |
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Definition
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Term
| You break down _____% of your protein in your feces and _____ & in your urine. |
|
Definition
90, 10
Total metabolism of protein in a day=
(Grams in feces + Grams in urine)* 6.25 |
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Term
| Lateral nuclei of Hypothalamus |
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Definition
Feeding center-
Stimulation leads to hyperphagia (eat voraciously)
Destruction-> iniation no drive for food |
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Term
| Ventromedial nuclei of hypothalamus |
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Definition
Satiey center-fullness
Stimulation-no hunger, refusal to eat
Destruction- extreme obesity: never full |
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Term
| Lesion of paraventral nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lesion of dorsomedial nuclei |
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Definition
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Term
| POMC neurons produce what hormone |
|
Definition
| a-MSH: acts at paraventral nucleus @ MCR-4 and will reduce food intake and increase expenditures |
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Term
| What sympathetic activation occurs from the POMC |
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Definition
| Nucleus Tractus Solitaris-- increase energy expendature |
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Term
| Inhibition of MCR-3 and MCR-4 leads to |
|
Definition
| Increased food intake and decreased energy expendature |
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Term
| NPY/AGRP neurons will have what effect |
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Definition
| Increase food consumption and decrease expendature |
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Term
| What is the one gene that is related to obesity in humans (5-6%) |
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Definition
| MCR-4 if defective you wont be able to stop eating |
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Term
| AGRP has been shown to be affected in what type of eating issue |
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Definition
| Anorexia- as AGRP is an antagonist of MCR-3/MCR-4 any issues with AGRP will be unable to limit these receptors effects of decreased eating |
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Term
| Grelin is released where and does what function |
|
Definition
| Stomach parietal cells--- hunger increase |
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Term
| Leptin is from where and does what |
|
Definition
| Fat adipose tissue, decrease hunger |
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Term
| Stretch receptors in the GI tract when filling inhibits feeding by what nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Destruction of the Amygdala on both sides results in what occurance |
|
Definition
| Psychic Blindness, you will lose appetite control that determines type and quality of food you eat |
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Term
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Definition
| Stops you from overeating at a single meal |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains normal energy stores in body |
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Term
| CCK is released from where and why |
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Definition
| In response to fat and proteins in the duodenum, activates receptors in duodenum which will travel up vagus nerve and tell you to stop eating |
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Term
| PPY is released from where and by what mechanism |
|
Definition
| released from the colon and ileum, related to the number of calories ingested. |
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Term
| Glucagon-like peptide and Insulin both do what in the intestines |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Amphetamines will do what to hunger |
|
Definition
Decrease hunger by inhibiting feeding centers of brain
*Sibutramine- reduce food intake increase expendature |
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|
Term
| Lipid metabolism drugs for weight loss |
|
Definition
Orlistat- inhibit lipid digestion
*can cause GI issues as well as loss of fat soluable vitamins |
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