a muscle located above and near the ear 

(TEM-po-ral)

the muslce, located at the angle of the jaw, also rasing the mandible and closes the jaw. It is used when biting and chewing. 

(mass-SEE-ter)

The sternomastoid muscle is sometimes called teh sternocleidomastoid muscle. It extends from the sternum upward along the side of the neck to the mastoid process. 

(stir-noh-kly-doh-MASS-toyd)

the trapezius muscle is a triangular-shaped muscle that extends across the back of the shoulder, covers the back of the neck, and insert on the clavicle and scapula. 

(trah-PEE-zees-us)

the muscle originates from the vertebrae of the lower back, crosses the lower half of the thoracic region, and passes between the humerus and scapula to insert on the anterior surface of the humerus. 

(lah-TIS-ih-mus DOR-sigh)

the muscle is a large, fan-shaped muslce that crosses the upper part of the front of the chest. It originates from the sternum and crosses over to the humerus. It froms the anterior border of the axilla (armpit)

(peck-toh-RAY-lis)

Covers the shoulder joint. It originates from the clavicle and the scapula and inserts on teh lateral side of the humerus. Is one of the muscles used for intramuscular injections. 

(DELL-toyd)

has two heads, bth of which originate from teh scapula and insert ont eh radius. 

(BYE-seps BRAY-kee-eye)

Four of the five muslces in the anterior part of the thigh  that work together to extend the thigh (front wards and backwards).

Rectus femoris

vastus medialis

vastus lateralis

vastus intermedius

(KWAHD-rih-seps FEM-or-is)

located in the posterior part of the thigh, which are respoinsible for flexing the leg on teh thigh (as in kneeling). And extend teh thight. 

Originate from teh ischium and insert on the fibula and the tibia. 

biceps femoris

semimembranosus

semitendinosus

The gastrocnemius muscle is the main muscle of the calf. It attaches to the calcaneus by way of the Achilles tendon. 

Is used in standing on tiptoe and in flexing the toes. 

(gas-trok-NEE-mee-uh)

is posistioned on the fron tof the leg. 

is respoinsible for turning the foot inward and for dorsiflexing the foot

(tib-ee-AY-lis an-TEER-ee-or)

Pain in the joints; symptom present in many join diseases. 

(ar-THRAL-jee-ah)

Thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle, holding the fibers togheter. 

(FASH-ee-ah)

The point of attachment of a muscle to a bone it moves

(in-SIR-shun)

the name given to the individual muscle cell

Weakness of the muscles of the gilvic girdle (the muscles that extend the hip and the knee).

This causes teh child to use one or both hands to assit in rising from a sitting position by "walking" the hands up the lower extremities until he is in an upright positions

Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy

[Dechenne's musclar dystrophy]

a form of muscular dystrophy that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle fiber degeneration without evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue

a group of genetially transmitted disorder characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles; there is no evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue. 

The onset of muscular dystrophy is early in life. 

is a chronic, progressive disease affecting the skeletal muscles. It is chracterzed by muscle weakness of hips and arms and degneration (atrophy)

(pol-ee-my-oh-SIGH-tis)

is termed dermatomyositis when the patients also ahs a rash

a tear in the muslces that form a "cuff" over the upper end of the arm (head of the humerus).

The rotator cuff helps to lift and roatate the arm and to hold the head of the humerus in place during abduction of the arm

is the process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electric current 

(ee-LEK-troh-my-OG-rah-fee)

the bones are connected by cartilage. This type of joint allows limited movement

(car-tih-LAJ-ih-nus)

the bones have a space between them called the joint cavity. The joint cavity is lined with a synovial membrane that secrtes a thick lubricating fluid called the synovial fluid. The bones of the synovial joint are held together by ligaments. The surfaces of the connecting bones are protected by a thin layer of cartilage called the articualr cartilage.

A synovial joint allows free movement. 

(sin-OH-vee-al)

Hinge Joint 

(Type of Synovial Joint)

allows movement in one direction - a back and fort type of motion. 

ex. elbow

Ball-and-Socket Joint

(Type of Synovial Joint)

allows movement in many directions around a central point. A ball-shaped head that fits into the concave depression of another bone allows the bone with the ball-shaped head to move in many directions.

Ex. shoulder joint and hip joint. 

is a bending motion

it decreases the angle between two bones

(FLEK-shun)

is a straightening motion

It increases the angle between two bones

(eks-TEN-shun)

is the movement of a bone away from the midline of the body

(ab-DUCK-shun)

The movement of a bone toward the midline of the body

(ad-DUCK-shun)

is the act of turning the palm up or forward

(soo-pin-NAY-shun)

is the act of turning the palm down or backward

(proh-NAY-shun)

Dorsiflexion of the foot narrows the angle between teh leg and the top of the foot

(dor-see-FLEK-shun)

Plantar flexion of the foot increases the angel between the leg and the top of the food

(PLAN-tar FLEK-shun)

Circumduction is the movement of an extremity around in a circular motion. This motion can be performed with ball-and-socket joints, as in teh shoulder and hip. 

(sir-kum-DUCK-shun)

Joint pain

(ar-THRAL-jee-ah)

Bunion

(hallux valgus)

A small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricatin the area around the joint where friction is most likely to occur 

(BER-sah)

the manual forcing of a joint back into its original position without making an incision;

closed reduction

Clicking or crackling sounds heard upon joint movement

(crep-ih-TAY-shun)

Humpback

(key-FOH-sis)

a vague feeling of weakness

(mah-LAYZ)

is a shoulder condition characterized by stiffness of the shoulder, limited shoulder movement, and pain; also known as "frozen shoulder". 

The condition may be idiopathic or due to an underlying cause such as trauma, osteoarthritis, or systemic diseases. 

Adhesive capsulities is divided into three stages: the painful stage, the adhesive state, and teh recovery stage

(add-HE-sive cap-sool-EYE-tis)

Arthritis is inflammation of joints

(ar-THRY-tis)

Ankylosing Spondylitis

(Marie-Strumpell disease)

(rheumatoid spondylitis)

is a type of arthritis that affects teh vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine

(ang-kih-LOH-sing spon-dil-EYE-tis

0

partial dislocation 

(diss-loh-KAY-shun)

is a cystic tumor developing on a tendon; sometimes occurring on the back of the wrist

(GANG-lee-on)

is a form of of acute arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe 

is a hereditary disease in which the patient does no metabolize uric acid properly

Herniated Disk

(herniated nucleus pulposus)

is a rupture of the central protion, or nucleus, of the disk through th edisk wall and into the spinal canal 

Abbreviated HNP

is an acute, recurrent, inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick 

characterized by a circular rash 

is also known as a degnerative joint disease. It is the most common form of arthritis and results from wear and tear on the joints, especially weight-bearing joints such as the hips and knees

 Abbreviated: OA

is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that affects multiple joints of the body, mainly the small peripheral joints such as in those of the hands and feet

Abbreviated: RA

(ROO-mah-toyd-ar-THRY-tis)

is a chronic inflammatory connective-tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs, and other organs.

The most striking symptom of the disease is the "butterfly rash" that appears on both cheeks, joined by a narrow band of rash across the nose

Abbreviated: SLE

(sis-TEM-ic LOO-pus eh-rih-them-ah-TOH-sus)

An arthrocentesis is the surgical puncture of a joint with a needle for the purpose of withdrawing fluid for analysis

(ar-throh-sen-TEE-sis)

an arthrogram is an X-ray of a joint after injection of a contrast medium

(AR-thro-gram)

is the process of X-raying the inside of a joint after a contrast medium (a substance that makes the inside of the joint visible) has been injected into the joint. 

(ar-THROG-rah-fee)

is the surgical reconstruction (repair) of a joint)

(AR-throh-plas-tee)

is the visualization of the inteior fo a joint by an endoscope

(ar-THROSS-koh-pee)

The test is a blood test that measures the presence of unusual antiboides that develop in a number of connective tissue dieseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis 

Abbreviated: RF

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube filled with unclotted blood 

Elevated sed rates are associated with inflammatory conditions

(eh-RITH-roh-sight sed rate)