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Definition
| A microorganim that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen (O2) |
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| A microorganism that grows best, or exclusively, in the absence of oxygen |
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| The formation of two new cells of approximately equal size as the result of parent cell division |
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| An unequal relationship in which one species derives benefit without harming the other. |
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Definition
| The dispersal of molecules, ions or microscopic particles propelled down a concentration gradient by spontandious random motion to achieve a uniform distribution. |
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| Any ingredient such as a certain amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin or mineral that cannot be formed by an organism and must be supplied in the diet. A growth factor. |
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| An organism that relies on organic compounds for its carbon and energy needs. |
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Definition
| the early phase of population growth during which no signs of growth occur |
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Definition
| the native microbial forms that an individual harbors. |
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| any chemical substance that must be provided to a cell for normal metabolism and growth. Macronutrients are required in large amounts and micronutrients in small amounts. |
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Definition
| Without alternative; restricted to a particular characteristic. Ex: an obligate parasite survives and grows only in a host; an obligate aerobe must have O2 to grow; an obligate anaerobe is destroyed by O2. |
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Definition
| An infection, ordinarily nonpathenogenic or weakly pathogenic microbes, that causes disease primarily in immunologically compromised host. |
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| An organism that lives on or within another organism (host), from which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm in the host. |
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Definition
| Any agnet, usually a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan or helminth, that causes disease. |
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Definition
| An organism that utilizes light for its energy and carbon dioxide mainly for its carbon needs. |
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Definition
| A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms. Also known as a sprophyte or saprotroph. |
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Definition
| An intimate association between individuals from two species; used as a synonym for mutualism. |
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Term
| What kind (mesophile, psychrophile, thermophile) of organism is typically associated with human disease? |
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Definition
| Mesophile (optimal growth/metabolism is from 20-40 degrees C) |
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Term
| What kind (mesophile, psychrophile, thermophile) of organism is typically responsible for food poisoning? |
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Definition
| Psychrophile (optimal growth/metabolism is from 0-15 degrees C) |
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Term
| What will happen to the growth of a thermophile adapted to 67 degrees C when it is grown at 55 degrees C? |
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Definition
| It will continue to grow/thrive because it's still in the optimum growth/metabolism range of 45-80 degrees C; 70 degrees C is ideal. |
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Term
| Where does a capnophile live? |
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Definition
| In environments with a higher-than-normal concentration of carbon dioxide. |
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Definition
| Self-feeder; A microorganism that requires only inorganic nutrients and whose sole source of carbon is carbon dioxide. |
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Definition
| Microbes that use photosynthesis (sunlight) to feed; they derive their energy from sunlight & transform light rays into chemical energy. |
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Term
| An organism adapted to saltwater is transported to a freshwater lake. Will osmosis cause it to shrink, swell or show no change? |
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Definition
| Swell. That's because water moves toward the higher solute concentrated areas ... this is a hypotonic situation. |
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Term
| How does diffusion differ from active transport? |
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Definition
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from a high concentration area to a low-concentration area; there's no semi-permeable membrane; no energy is expanded.
Active transport requires energy (ATP) |
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Term
| How do the terms osmosis and chemiosmosis differ? |
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Definition
Osmosis is diffusion of water through a permeable but selective membrane.
Chemiosmosis is diffusion of a chemical other than water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pinocytosis. They engulf droplets of water to bring into the cell (active transport). |
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Term
| What happens when a facultative anaerobe is placed in an oxygen-free environment? |
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Definition
| A facultative anaerobe adapts, uses anaerobic respiration or fermentation. |
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Term
| What happens when an obligate anaerobe is placed in an oxygen-free environment? |
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Definition
| An obligate anaerobe will grow and metabolize in an oxygen-free environment because O2 isn't needed, and is in fact toxic to the cell. |
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Term
| Coral reefs are a symbiotic relationship between and algae and a microscopic animal where both benefit ... what is this termed? |
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Definition
| Mutualism (rely on each other for growth) |
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Term
| What kind of relationship exists between humans and Plasmodium? |
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Definition
| Parasitism (host/microbe relationship where the host is negatively impacted) |
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Term
| During stationary phase, cells are dividing and dying at (constant, lagarithmic, flat or geometric) rates? |
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Definition
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| What is the definition of generation time? |
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Definition
| The time it takes for one cell to divide; The time required for a complete fission cycle - from parent cell to two new daughter cells. Also called doubling time. |
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| Describe three ways of determining the number of bacteria in a culture. |
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Definition
1. Turbidity: % of light transmitted through test-tube. the greater the turbidity, the larger the population size.
2. Direct cell count: count the total dead/live cells in special microscopic slide with a pre-measured grid.
3. Standard Plate Count: Start with unknown concentration of specimen; take mL and add to 99 mL of water; take 1 mL of that solution and add to 99 mL of water; repeat 2 more times; count the colonies in last solution when poured onto plate w/agar. |
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Term
| Spring water has (more/fewer) water molecules than pure water or sea water? |
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Definition
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| Sea water has (more/fewer) water molecules than pure water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purest type of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Amoebas are in what Kingdom? |
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Definition
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| In osmosis, water moves from a ______ to a _____ concentration of water molecules. |
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Definition
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Term
| The source of the necessary elements of life is... |
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Definition
| an inorganic environmental resevoir |
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Term
| An organism that can synthesize all its required organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun is a ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemoautotrophs can survive on ______ and ______ alone. |
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Definition
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| All organisms require _____________ nutrients. |
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Definition
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| A pathogen would most likely be described as: parasite, commensal, saprobe or symbiont? |
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Definition
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Term
| Passive transport requires a __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will _______ by osmosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Psychrophiles would be expected to grow __________________. |
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Definition
| at refrigerator temperatures |
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Term
| Superoxide ion is toxic to strict anaerobes because they lack _____________. |
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Definition
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| In a viable plate count, each ______ represents a _______ from the sample population. |
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Definition
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| An organic nutrient essential to an organism's metabolism is caled a ______ factor. |
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