Term
| What are the factors that affect the intensity of the ground shaking? |
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Definition
1)magnitude of the earthquake
2)distance from epicenter
3) local geological conditions |
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Term
| What kinds of materials amplify ground shaking? |
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Definition
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Term
| How far from Mexico City was the epicenter for the so called 1985 Mexico City earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| Along what kind of plate boundary did the 1985 Mexico City earthquake occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the magnitude of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of a geological feature is Mexico City built on? |
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Definition
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Term
| On the modified Mercalli intensity scale, how large was the 1985 Mexico City earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many lives were lost during the 1985 Mexico City earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| The significant proportion of the damage to 2,831 buildings during the 1985 Mexico city earthquake was attributed to __________________ of ground shaking by the soft lake bed sediments. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which a solid takes on a liquid state |
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Term
| Like the factors that must be in place before liquefaction can occur. |
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Definition
1)loose, granular sediment and/or soil must be present
2)sufficient ground water
3)shaking must be sufficiently intense so grains within water contact each other |
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Term
| What can happen to large structures that are built on top of materials that liquefy during an earthquake? |
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Definition
| they sink partially into the ground |
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Term
| What was the magnitude of the 1906 San Fransisco earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| In SF and in adjacent communities what was the modified Mercalli intensity level for the 1906 earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many lives were lost during the 1906 SF earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the likely culprit that broke gas lines and thus started the horrendous fires during the 1906 SF quake? |
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Definition
| ground shaking (REALLY?!) |
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Term
| Of the total destruction during the 1906 SF quake, how much of it was attributed to the fires? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two areas were greatly affected by the 1906 SF quake? |
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Definition
| Market street and Mission district |
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Term
| How did liquefaction contribute to the fires in the 1906 SF earthquake? |
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Definition
| it resulted in broken water lines and thus, inhibited the ability to fight fires |
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Term
| The Aug. 17, 1991 Izmit earthquake in Turkey occurred along what fault? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Izmit earthquake left how many dead? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are four different types of manmade and natural objects affected by surface ruptures during the Izmit earthquake? |
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Definition
| Tree trunks, tree lines, roads, and fences |
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Term
| How many people lost their lives during the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does NOAA define a tsunami? |
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Definition
| a set of ocean waves caused by any large abrupt disturbance of the sea surface |
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Term
| Major tsunamis are produced by large, greater than ____ magnitude earthquakes with a shallow focus lying less than ___ km deep. |
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Definition
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Term
| Along what kind of plate boundary do major tsunamis form? |
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Definition
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Term
| During subduction, does the subducting plate always slide smootly beneath the overriding plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when the stress around the stuck interface between the subducting and overriding plates exceeds the resistance to shearing along this interface? |
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Definition
| Subducting plate commonly slides abruptly downward |
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Term
| What kinds of faults are common along convergent margins? |
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Definition
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Term
| During displacement along a reverse fault in a submarine subduction zone setting, what happens to the sea floor? |
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Definition
| It rises toward the sea surface |
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Term
| A tsunami is a series of waves radiating outward from a central disturbance of the sea surface. What is the series of waves radiating outward called? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the deep oceans wavelengths for tsunami range from |
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Definition
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Term
| In the deep oceans periods for tsunami range from |
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Definition
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Term
| In the deep oceans wave heights are typically less than: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the following formula represent? s=(g*d)^(1/2) |
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Definition
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Term
| The speed of a tsunami in deep water can exceed ______ km/hour. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the following formula represent? Hs = (Sd/Ss)^(1/2) * Hd |
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Definition
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Term
| Will the speed of a tsunami in shallow water be greater than its speed in deep water? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: the height of a tsunami in shallow water will always be greater than its height in deep water. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the period of a tsunami? |
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Definition
| The time it takes for two successive troughs or crests to pass a stationary point |
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Term
| Does the period change as a tsunami moves from deep to shallow water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to a tsunami's wavelength as it hits shallow water? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the drop in sea level as a tsunami approaches land |
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Term
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Definition
| the max vertical height above normal height reached by the tsunami when it goes over land |
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Term
| What low lying seaside community was nearly completely destroyed by runup during the 2004 Sumatra tsunami? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the 1964 Good Friday earthquake occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much uplift was associated with the Good Friday earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest recorded earthquake ever to occur in N. America? |
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Definition
| 1964 Good Friday earthquake |
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Term
| How many people were killed by tsunamis generated by the earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the wave height of the largest tsunami, and where did it occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| The tsunami generated by the 1964 Good Friday earthquake traveled across the Pacific at speeds of ____ per hour |
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Definition
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Term
| How many waves came ashore at Crescent City,CA as a result of the Good Friday Earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long did it take the tsunami from the Good Friday earthquake to reache Crescent City? |
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Definition
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Term
| The four waves to hit Crescent city arrived at different times; four happen to be the largest. How much time had lapse between the first and fourth waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| How large was the fourth (and largest) wave that hit Crescent City due to the Good Friday quake? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many lost their lives at Crescent City during the 1964 tsunami? |
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Definition
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Term
| Has Crescent city been struck by other tsunamis before? |
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Definition
| Yes and it is NOT safe from future ones |
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Term
| What two plates does the Cascadia Subduction Zone separate? |
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Definition
| Juan de Fuca microplate and the N. American plate |
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Term
| On Jan. 26, 1700 about how much of the Juan de Fuca microplate slipped suddenly beneath the overriding N. American plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| The earthquake produced by jan 26 1700 Cascadia Subduction Zone event is estimated to have been between an___ and ___ magnitude. |
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Definition
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Term
| The largest earthquake to have affected the continental US occurred where and when? |
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Definition
| Jan. 26, 1700, Cascadia subduction zone |
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Term
| When is the next great earthquake expected in the off shore region of Seattle and Tacoma, WA? |
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Definition
| between years 2000 - 2300 |
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