Robert Brown

The Scottish botanist who first identified the nucleus in 1831, he immediately had a sense that this organelle was doing something important. 

chromatin

granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

chromosomes

Before a cell divides; a result of chromatin condensing. 

These are distinct, threadlike structures containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. 

nucleolus

A small, dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins. 

 nuclear

envelope

A double membrane layer surrounding the nucleus.

 This structure is dotted with thousands of nuclear pores, which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus.

cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain it's shape.

This structure is also involved in many forms of cell movement.

microfilaments

Part of the cytoskeleton; these long, extremely thin fibers function in the movement and support of the cell.

microtubules

These are hollow tubes of protein about 25 nanometers in diameter.

They maintain cell shape and can also serve as "tracks" along which organelles are moved. 

ribosomes

Small particles made of RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein which are the sites of protein production.

Location:  in the cytoplasm or rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

A stack of membranes that attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. 

Proteins are moved into this from the rough endoplasmic reticulum via a vesicle.

From this packaging and shipping department of the cell, proteins are then sent to their final destinations. 

Lysosomes

Small organelles filled with hydrolytic (digestive)enzymes.

 These break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from food into particles that can be used by the rest of the cell. 

vacuoles

A saclike structure that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Many plants have a single large, central one of these filled with liquid. 

chloroplasts

These organelles use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process known as photosynthesis. 

These organelles are found primarily in plants and algae.

Animal and fungal cells do not contain these. 

mitochondria

These are organelles that release energy from stored food molecules.

These organelles use energy from food to make high-energy compounds that the cell can use to power growth, development, and movement. 

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Golgi body 

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rough

endoplasmic reticulum

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Smooth

endoplasmic reticulum

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Ribosome