Term
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Definition
| an emotional state characterized by physiological arousal, unpleasant feelings of tension, and a sense of apprehension or foreboding |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of psychological disorders characterized by excessive or maladaptive anxiety reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of anxiety disorder characterized by repeated episodes of intense anxiety or panic |
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Definition
| People who experience a panic attack often think they are having a heart attack. |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive, irrational fear of open or public places |
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Term
| False. Drugs used to treat schizophrenia are not used to treat panic disorder. However, antidepressants have therapeutic benefits in helping control panic attacks. |
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Definition
| The same drugs used to treat schizophrenia are also used to control panic attacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| an excessive, irrational fear |
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Term
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Definition
| a phobia that is specific to a particular object or situation |
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Term
| False. Actually, many people with phobias recognize that their fears are exaggerated or unfounded but remain fearful. |
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Definition
| People with phobias believe their fears to be well founded. |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive fear of social interactions or situations |
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Term
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Definition
| Some people are so fearful of leaving their homes that they are unable to venture outside even to mail a letter. |
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Term
| two-factor model (O. Hobart Mowrer) |
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Definition
| a theoretical model that accounts for the development of phobic reactions on the basis of classical and operant conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| We may be genetically predisposed to acquire fears of objects that posed a danger to ancestral humans. |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| a behavior therapy technique for overcoming phobias by means of exposure to progressively more fearful stimuli (in imagination or by viewing slides) while remaining deeply relaxed |
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Term
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Definition
| an ordered series of increasingly fearful stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| in behavior therapy, a method of overcoming fears through a stepwise process of exposure to increasingly fearful stimuli in imagination or in real-life situations |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavior therapy technique for overcoming fears by means of exposure to high levels of fear-inducing stimuli |
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Term
| virtual reality therapy (Barbara Rothbaum) |
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Definition
| a form of exposure therapy involving the presentation of phobic stimuli in a virtual reality environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Therapists have used virtual reality to help people overcome phobias. |
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Term
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Definition
| a cognitive therapy method that involves replacing irrational thoughts with rational alternatives |
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Term
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
| a type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both |
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Term
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Definition
| a recurrent thought, image, or urge that the individual cannot control |
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Term
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Definition
| a repetitive or ritualistic behavior that a person feels compelled to perform |
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Term
| False. Obsessive thinking actually engenders anxiety. However, performing compulsive rituals may partially reduce the anxiety associated with obsessive thinking, thereby creating a cycle in which obsessive thinking prompts ritualistic behavior, which is reinforced by anxiety relief. |
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Definition
| Obsessive thinking helps relieve anxiety. |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| a type of anxiety disorder characterized by general feelings of dread and foreboding and heightened states of bodily arousal |
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Term
| acute stress disorder (ASD) |
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Definition
| a traumatic stress reaction occurring during the month following exposure to a traumatic event |
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Term
| post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| a prolonged maladaptive reaction to a traumatic event |
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Term
| False. Motor vehicle accidents are the most common trauma linked to PTSD. |
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Definition
| Exposure to combat is the most common trauma linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). |
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Term
| eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) |
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Definition
| a controversial form of therapy for PTSD that involves eye tracking of a visual target while holding images of the traumatic experience in mind |
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Term
| suffocation false alarm theory (Donald Klein) |
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Definition
| a defect in the respiratory alarm system triggers a false alarm in response to minor cues of suffocation. |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of fear itself; involves fear of one's emotions and bodily sensations getting out of control |
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Term
| rational-emotive behavior therapy (Albert Ellis) |
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Definition
| helps people dispute irrational beliefs and substitute more rational ones |
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