Term
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Definition
| specialized structures of the lymphatic system that absorb those fats that cannot be transported by the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of the remaining 10% of the returning intestinal fluid, clear, watery fluid containing electrolytes and proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body with capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness |
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Term
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Definition
| collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the upper right quadrant of the body, and the right arm |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm, the entire lower portion of the trunk, and both legs. |
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Term
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Definition
| contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| Located along the sides of the neck |
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Term
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Definition
| Located under the arms in the area known as the armpits |
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Term
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Definition
| located in the inguinal (groin) area of the lower abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| Lymphoid Cells; leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells; three type: Natural Killer Cells, B cells, and T Cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| B Lymphocytes; specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| develop from B Cells and secrete a large volume of antibodies to coded to destroy specific antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| T Lymphocytes; belong to a group of leukocytes known as lymphocytes; play a central role in cell-mediated immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of proteins such as interferons,and interleukins released primarily by the T cells; Act as intracellular signals to start the immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| produced in response to the presence to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells;activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication, and signal other cells to increase their defenses |
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Term
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Definition
| play multiple roles in the immune system, including directing B and T cells to divide and proliferate |
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Term
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Definition
| three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat; prevents pathogens from entering the respiratory system when breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| Nasopharyngeal tonsils; located in the nasopharynx, wihch is the upper part of the pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible at the back of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| located at the base of the tongue; not readily visible |
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Term
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Definition
| a mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart; largest at puberty and becomes smaller with age |
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Term
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Definition
| Appendix; located on the lower portion of the cecum, first part of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Sac-Like mass of lymphoid tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen; inferior to the diaphragm and posterior to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| wraps the body in a physical barrier to prevent invading organisms from entering the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| traps breathed-in foreign matter with nose hairs and the moist mucous membrane lining of the respiratory system |
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Term
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Definition
| uses the acids and enzymes produced by the stomach to destroy invaders that are swallowed or consumed with food |
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Term
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Definition
| immune reaction: involves binding antigens to antibodies; this labels a potentially dangerous antigen so it can be destroyed by other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance that the body regards as being foreign |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to an acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to a specific antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response; secreted by plasma cells |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized leukocytes that act as part of the antigen-antibody reaction by destroying substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen, and pathogens by the process of phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of destroying pathogens by surrounding and swallowing them |
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Term
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Definition
| Leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms; also replenish macrophages and dendritic cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells; also remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized leukocytes that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections; when found the dendritc cells grabs it, swallows, and alerts B and T cells to act against the specific antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form; when needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the state of being resistant to a certain type of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Passive Immunity; resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| obtained by having had a contagious disease. being vaccinated against a contagious disease provides protection against that disease without having been exposed to the risk of actually having the disease |
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Term
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Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity, such as allergic reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system |
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Term
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Definition
| a physician specializing in the diagnosing and treatment of malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| swelling of the tissues sue to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a hereditary condition of the lymphatic system that develops with swelling beginning in the feet and progressing into the ankles and in an upward direction along the legs |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by damage to lymphatic vessels that is most frequently due to cancer treatment, surgery, trauma, or burns |
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Term
| Bioimpedance Spectroscopy |
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Definition
| a noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema; measures the electrical resistance to an electrical current passed through the affected limb, showing abnormally low results showing a build up of lymph |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the bodies immune system reacts to a harmless allergen such as pollen, food, or animal dander as if it were a dangerous invader |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersensitivity; an overreaction of the body to a particular allergen |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual |
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Term
| Localized Allergic Response |
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Definition
| Cellular Response;e includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin has come in contact with an allergen. |
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Term
| Systemic Reaction/Anaphylaxis |
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Definition
| Anaphylactic Shock; a severe response to an allergen |
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Term
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Definition
| medications administered to relieve or prevent the symptoms of hay fever, which is a common allergy to wind-borne pollens, and other types of allergens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autoimmune disease; any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues |
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Term
| Immunodeficiency Disorder |
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Definition
| occurs when the immune response is compromised |
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Term
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
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Definition
| HIV;a bloodborne disease in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening oppurtunistic infections |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans but when the host is debilitated, they take advantage and cause an infection |
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Term
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
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Definition
| AIDS; the most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection |
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Term
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Definition
| an example of an oppurtunistic infection that is frequently associated with HIV; causes patched of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;a blood test used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| a blood test that produces more accurate results than the ELISA test. Only done if ELISA results are positive |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response |
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Term
| Synthetic Immunoglobulins |
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Definition
| Immune Serum; used as a postexposure preventative measure against certain viruses, including rabies and some type of virus |
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Term
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Definition
| used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some cancers |
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Term
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Definition
| any class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by identical offspring of a clone of specific cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that prevents or reduces the bodies normal immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone-like preparation administered primarily as an anti-inflammatory and as an immunosuppressant |
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Term
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Definition
| medication that kills or damages cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a microorganism that causes a disease in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| one-celled microscopic organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| a contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock infected with bacillus anthracis |
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Term
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Definition
| a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. |
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Term
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Definition
| long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by a spirochete belonging to the genus Borrelia. Lyme Disease, which can affect the joints, heart, and central nervous system, is transmitted through the deer tick |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of about 30 or so bacteria species clustered together and sort of look like grapes; normally harmless but can cause some serious infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Staph Aureus; a form of staphylococci that often infects wounds and causes serious problems such as toxic shock syndrome or food poisoning |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that form a chain; mostly harmless except for a few |
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Term
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Definition
| a serious condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body |
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Term
| Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria |
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Definition
| occur when antibiotics fail to kill all of the bacteria they target; When this happens, bacteria adapts to resist the disease |
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Term
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus |
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Definition
| MRSA; one of several types of bacteria that are now drug resistant |
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Term
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Definition
| a simple parasitic organism; some are harmless some are pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| Athlete's Foot; a fungal infection that develops between the toes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Yeast Infection; occur on the skin or mucous membranes where it is warm and moist |
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Term
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Definition
| a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to human by the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms include fever, shaking chills, muscle aches, and tiredness |
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Term
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Definition
| a parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans through animal feces. |
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Term
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Definition
| also spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito;has flu-like symptons and can spread to the spinal cord and brain |
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Term
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Definition
| very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells. Reproduces inside the cells,destroys it, searches for more |
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Term
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Definition
| Flu; a highly contagious viral respiratory infection that usually occurs in seasonal epidemics |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute, highly contagious, infection that is transmitted by respiratory droplets of the rubeola virus. symptoms include a red, itchy rash over the entire body , high fever, a runny nose, and coughing |
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Term
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Definition
| a acute viral infection that is characterized by the swelling of the parotid glands, which are the salivary glands located just in front of the ears; can also cause painful swelling of the genitals |
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Term
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Definition
| German Measles/3-day measles; a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine pink rash |
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Term
| Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination |
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Definition
| MMR; immunization can prevent these three viral infections and should be administered in early childhood |
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Term
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Definition
| a acute viral infection that is transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal; immediate treatment is required because, if not taken care of, the virus becomes fatal |
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Term
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Definition
| silent infection; shows no symptons but can cause serious infection to people with deficient immune systems and can cause congenital birth defects |
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Term
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Definition
| Chicken-Pox; caused by the herpes virus Varicella zoster and is highly contagious |
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Term
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Definition
| Shingles; an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve; occurs when the dormant varicella activates later in life |
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Term
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Definition
| Mono; caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); characterized by a fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes; swelling can also occur in the spleen and liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that causes the death of bacteria; includes penicillins and cephalosporins |
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Term
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Definition
| slows or stops the growth of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Antimyocotic; an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of prevention, causes, and treatment of tumors and cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| Neoplasm; a abnormal growth of body tissue; inside the mass cell growth is rapid, abnormal, and progresive |
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Term
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Definition
| the process through which a tumor supports its growth by gathering its own blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues either by direct invasion or through metastasisizing. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another |
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Term
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Definition
| the new cancer site that results from the spreading process |
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Term
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Definition
| a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| a malignant tumor that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard, soft, and liquid connective tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of classifying tumors by how far the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's prognosis |
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Term
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Definition
| a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| Hodgkin's disease; distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells |
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Term
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Definition
| used to describe any lymphoma other than hodgkin's lymphoma |
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Term
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Definition
| a carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites |
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Term
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Definition
| breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct. at this stage cure rate is nearly 100% |
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Term
| Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma |
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Definition
| Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct , and invades the fatty breast tissue |
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Term
| Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma |
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Definition
| Invasive Lobular Carcinoma; starts in the milk glands, and invades the fatty tissue of the breast; once it reached the lymph nodes it will spread rapidly throughout the body |
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Term
| Inflammatory Breast Cancer |
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Definition
| a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer; grow rapidly, and the symptoms include rapid increase in the breast size, redness or rash on the breast, and swelling of nearby lymph nodes; can only be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Term
| Professional palpation of the breast |
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Definition
| performed to feel the texture, size, and consistency of the breast |
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Term
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Definition
| A self care procedure for the early detection of breast cancer; check for lumps, shape of the nipple, and the skin covering the breast |
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Term
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Definition
| a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells |
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Term
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Definition
| used as an initial follow-up test when an abnormality is found by mammography |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique in which an x-ray guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast |
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Term
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Definition
| the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical procedure in which all of the lymph nodes in a major group are removed to determine or slow the spread of cancer in this area |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue with the surrounding margin of normal tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| the removal of the entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues |
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Term
| Modified Radical Mastectomy |
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Definition
| the surgical removal of the entire breast and of all the lymph nodes under the adjacent arm |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of chemical agents and drugs in combinations selected to destroy malignant cells and tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of natural or synthetic substances such as drugs or vitamins to reduce the risk of developing cancer, or to reduce the chance that cancer will reappear |
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Term
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Definition
| a medication that blocks the development, growth, or proliferation of the malignant cells |
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Term
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Definition
| used in the treatment of cancers in an effort to preserve the healthy tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissue to be treated |
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Term
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Definition
| radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a developing form of anti-cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| involve testing new and promising cancer treatments that have not yet received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval on patients who agree to be a part of the research |
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