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| A normally closed meeting of a political or legislative group to select candidates, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters. |
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| Specific powers granted to the president under Article II, Sections 2 and 3, of the Constitution. |
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| Constitutional powers that are assigned to one government agency but exercised by another agency with the express permission of the first. |
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| Powers claimed by a president that are not expressed in the Constitution but are inferred from it. |
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| The power of the president as commander of the national military and the state national guard units (when called into service). |
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| A resolution of Congress declaring that the president can send troops into action abroad only by authorization of Congress or if U.S. troops are already under attack or seriously threatened. |
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| An agreement between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate's "advice and consent." |
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| The claim that confidential communications between the president and the president's close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president. |
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| The power of the executive to veto specific porvisions (lines) of a bill passed by the legislature. |
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| The president's power to bring a legislative agenda before Congress. |
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| A rule of regulation issued by the president that has the effect and formal status of legislation. |
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| The secretaries, or chief administrators, of the major departments of the federal government. Cabinet secretaries are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate. |
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| National Security Council |
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| A presidential foreign policy advisory council composed of the president, the vice president, the secretary of state, the secretary of defense, and other officials invited by the president. |
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| The analysts and advisers to the president, often given the title "special assistant." |
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