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| Organisms that use energy from sunlight of from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds. |
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| used by most autotrophs to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, primarily carbohydrates. |
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| Animals and other organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances. |
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| Light energy absorbed from the sun is converted to chemical energy and is temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH; the first stage of photosynthesis; begins with the absorption of light in the chloroplasts. |
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| Organic compounds are formed using CO2 and the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH; a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar. |
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| organelles found in the cells of plants and algae; most are similar in structure; surrounded by a pair of membranes. |
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| found inside of the inner membrane; another system of membranes that are arranged as flatten sacs; connected and layered to form sacs called grana |
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| sacks formed by the connection and layering of thylakoids; surrounded by stroma |
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| The resulting array of colors, ranging from red at one end to violet at the other |
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| found in many objects; compounds that absorb light; absorb certain colors more strongly than others; located in the membrane of the thylakoids |
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| a green pigment that is present in most plant cells; gives plants their characteristic green color; reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates |
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| a class of pigments that are present in the thylakoid membrane of plants and that aid in photosynthesis |
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| located in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts; a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis |
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| "PEA" Primary Electron Acceptor |
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| A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the pair of reaction-center chlorophyll a molecules; it accepts an electron from one of these two chlorophylls |
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| couples electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) with the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane |
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| the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient |
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| an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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| the conversion of inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to organic compounds by living organisms |
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| Ribulose Biphosphate is an organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis; a 5-carbon molecule which combines with carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle to produce a six-carbon compound |
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| tiny plant structures found on the outer skin layer, also known as the epidermis, of plants; consist of two specialized cells, called guard cells that surround a tiny pore called a stoma; major pathways through which CO2 enters and O2 leaves a plant |
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| one of three biochemical mechanisms |
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| Crassulacean acid metabolism is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions |
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| 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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| Formula of the splitting of water |
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| a crucial protein to life |
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