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Chapter 6 personality assesment 2
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28
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
06/10/2014

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Term
Convergent Validation
Definition
If it looks like a duck, sounds like a duck, and quacks like a duck then it very probable that it is a duck, but it is still not absoultley a duck
Term
Convergent Validation
Definition
is achieved by assembling diverse pieces of info. like appearance, walking, swimming, style, that all "coverage" on a common ground (common conclusion)
Term
Opportunities
Definition

a persons perception of who you are are affects you whethe ror not their perception is accurate.

Example: think you're competent (as a potential employer) you will likley be hired

Term
reputation
Definition
important whether it is accurate or not
Term

Expectancies

self fulling prophecies: (EXPECTANCY EFFORTS)

there are two types:

Definition

1. Intellectual expectancy

2. social expectancy

Term
Intellectual expectancy:
Definition

If an expectation is set (up or down) and a person is treated in a manner that reflects the expectation the subject is likley to fullfill said expectation

ex) school children "bloomers" + IQ

Term

4 factor theory: think of the practice space with amps

(Rosenthal)

Definition
  1. climate
  2. feedback
  3. input
  4. output
Term
Social Expectancy
Definition

Our interaction with others is influenced by the way in which they expect us to act

based on social ques (+/-)

Term
Where do expectancy effects come from?
Definition
  • real life situations
  • ee cannot be tested in controlled enviroment (i.e labs)
  • light on how people affect eachothers performance and social behavior
Term
Accuracy of pesonality judgements
Definition
no way to check accuracy b/c debate on criteria can be made on persoanlity judgments.
Term
Constructivism
Definition

a philosophy that holds that reality as a concrect idenity does not exist, and all that does exist are our constructions of reality

--> would imply no accurate way to judge

-->human ideas-->constructions of reality--> all that exist

Term
Critical Realism
Definition
not all the interputations that human beings make are all equally correct even in regards to their idea of reality
Term
Critical realism
Definition
Infalliable criteria is not always correct for determing truth of interruputations of reality.
Term
Convergent Validation
Definition
This is when you take a bunch of diverse apparent information and make judgements or conclusions of commonality. The more options you have for diverse info. the more confidence you can have to an accurate conclusion.
Term
Personality judgements: 2 criteria
Definition
  1. interjudge agreement
  2. behavioral prediction
Term
Research can evaluate the accuracy of the personaity judgments by asking two questions:
Definition
  1. Do the judgements agree with one another?
  2. Can they predict behavior?

If the answers are yes then the judgements are probably accurate.

Term
interjudge agreement/ behavioral prediction and predictive validity all go together in this way:
Definition

Lets say I think you are a conscientious peson, so does your parents and you freinds, it is not 100% that you are but it is likley that you are.

now since i judged based off that empircally that you are conscientious and you arrive to all your classes on time; I can predicte that you most likley that you will you will be on time to the next 3 semesters of classes and that is what we call PREDICTIVE VALIDITY; it is not 100% accurate but it is even more correct based off the interjudge agreement and the behavioral prediction that your friends and family agree upon as well.

Term
judgeability
Definition
The extent to which an individual's personality can be judged accurately by others. (page 185)
Term
Moderator variable
Definition
A variable that affects the relationship between two other variables. (page 182)
Term
Predictive validity
Definition
The degree to which one measure can be used to predict another. (page 178)
Term
Behavioral prediction
Definition
The degree to which a judgment or measurement can predict the behavior of the person in question. (page 178)
Term
Interjudge agreement
Definition
The degree to which two or more people making judgments about the same person provide the same description of that person's personality. (page 178)
Term
Convergent validation
Definition
The process of assembling diverse pieces of information that converge on a common conclusion. (page 178)
Term
Critical realism
Definition
The philosophical view that the absence of perfect, infallible criteria for determining the truth does not imply that all interpretations of reality are equally valid; instead, one can use
Term
Configural properties of faces
Definition
overall arrangements of features of someones face rather then a single body part; this has helped with research on 1st impressions
Term
4 research methods used to connect traits and behavior
Definition

single trait approach

many trait appraoch

essential trait approach

typological appraoch

Term
The single Trait approach
Definition
examine correlations btwn one trait and many behaviors
Term
The single trait approach: conscientiousness
Definition

careful and vigilant about tasks and interested in doing things; 

predicts job performance and absenteeism

predicts success in college

might explain motivation

predicts longer life expectancy

postivley correlated w/yrs of schooling

more likley to get a phd

more likley to work out

do not skip on on work

learn more about job; step outside of box, do more then you have to

not likley to call in sick, and even come into work if you are sick

avoid risky behaviors like smoking/drinking/drugs/bad eating health (nutrtion diet is poor)

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