Term
Lion Capital of column erected by Ashoka
D: ca. 250 B.C.E.
P/S: Indian Art/Maurya Dynasty
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Sarnath, India
M/T: Polished Sandstone
F: Were capitals on the roads leading to Pataliputra.
C: 3 lions, for Ashoka, Maurya Rule (r. 272-231 B.C.E.)
Where Buddha gave his first sermon and set the Wheel of Law into motion.
DT: None
pg. 170 Fig. 6-4
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Definition
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Term
The Great Stupa and Yakshi, a detail of the eastern gateway of the Great Stupa
Date for The Great Stupa (3rd century B.C.E. to 1st century C.E.)
Date for the detail (Mid-First Century B.C.E. to Early First Century C.E.)
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Sanchi, India
M/T: Great Stupa = Earth and rubble
F: Stupa goddess
C: Stupa: A monument housing relics of Buddha. Yakshi: Small goddess personifying fertility and vegetation. This is referred to pan-Indian symbolism, which was used to create their own Buddhist iconography.
DT: Stupa, Votive
Pgs. 172-173. Figs. 6-5 and 6-7
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Definition
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Term
Meditating Buddha
D: 2nd Century B.C.E
P/S: Gandhara Art
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Gandhara, Pakistan
M/T: Gray Schist, the local stone.
F:Votive
C: Buddha dressed in a monks robe, sitting in a yogic position. His hands are in dhyana mudra which is the gesture of meditation.
DT: None
pg. 175 Fig. 6-9
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Definition
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Term
Seated Buddha preaching first sermon
D: Second half of 5th century
P/S: Gupta Period
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Sarnath, India
M/T: Tan sandstone
F: Votive/Prayer
C: Artists began to formulate what became the canonical image of Buddha
DT: None
pg. 176 Fig. 6-12
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Definition
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Term
Vishnu Temple and Vishnu asleep on the serpent Ananta (detail on the facade of the Vishnu Temple)
D: Early Sixth Century
P/S:Classic Gupta Style with smooth bodies and clinging garments
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Deogarh, India
M/T: Stone blocks/Among the first Hindu temples constructed with stone bloacks. A simple square building on a stone base (plinth)
F: Temple
C: The building has three niches with relief depicting important episodes in the saga of Vishnu.// In the detail on the facade, it shows Vishnu asleep on the coils of a giant serpent names Ananta. Lakshimi massages Vishnus feet while he gives birth, there is lotus flower grown from his bellybutton supporting the 4-headed God of creation. Below are six figures. 4 on the right are Vishnus powers the other two are armed demons.
pgs. 180-181 Fig. 6-18 and 6-19
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Definition
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Term
Rock-Cut Temples (Dharmaraja[dedicated to Shiva], Bhima[dedicated to Vishnu], Arjuna, and Draupadia[dedicated to Durga] rathas)
D: Second half of seventh century
P/S: Early Medieval Period/Pallava Dynasty
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Mamallapuram, India
M/T: Free-standing stone/Rocky out-croppings. These sculpted temples are rare.
F: Monolithic temple.
C: This illustrates the variety of temple forms at this period. Dharmaraja is an example of the typical soutern-style temple with stepped-pyramid vimana. Bhima has a rectangular plan with a rougnded roof, Arjuna is a smaller example of the Southern Indian type. Durga modeled on a thatched hut.
DT: None
pg. 181 Fig. 6.20
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Definition
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Term
Rajararjeshvara Temple
D: ca. 1010
P/S: Early Medieval Period/built under the Cholas/Southern-Indian tradition
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Thanjavur, India
M/T:Stone/ had Chola architects contruct temples of huge size and grandeur.
F: Temple
C: Was the largest and tallest temple at its time. Had numerous reliefs in niches depicting the God Shiva as the lord of Rajaraja in his various forms.
pg. 182 Fig. 6-21
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Definition
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Term
Visvantha Temple
D: ca. 1000
P/S: Early Medieval/Built by the Chandella dynasty in northern style
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Khajuraho, India
M/T: Stone
F: Temple for Vishvantha ("Lord of the Universe") is another name for Shiva.
C: Symbolized as a mountain. Designed using ideal mathematical proportions.
DT: None
pg. 182-183 Fig. 6-22
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Definition
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Term
Shiva as Natajara
D: ca. 1000
P/S: Created under the Chola kings/movable image/Chola Dynasty
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Natunai Ishavaram Temple, Punjai, India
M/T: Bronze
F: Movable statuette, it is not to be treated as a symbol of the god Shiva, but as a god itself. Must be treated as a human being.
C: Is Shiva as the Lord of the Dance, Nataraja. He extends all four arms, with two touching the nimbus (light of glory) around him. Upper hands holding a small drum and a flame.
DT: None
pg. 183-184 Fig. 6-24
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Definition
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Term
Death of the Buddha (Parinirvana)
D: 11th-12th Century
P/S: Classic Gupta Sculptures of India, with clinging garments, rounded faces, and distintive renditions of hair.
A: Unknown
Pa: Unknown
L: Gal Vihara, near Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka
M/T: Granulite, carved out of a rocky outcropping
F: Prayer
C: Buddha lying on his side, with cousin/chief disciple Ananda stands to the left with arms crossed mourning Shakyamunis death.
DT: None
pg. 185/184 Fig. 6-25
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Definition
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Term
Angkor Wat
D: First half of 12th Century
P/S:Cambodian/By a Khmer King
A: Labor
Pa: Suryavarman 2nd? (r. 1113-1150)
L: Angkor, Cambodia
M/T: Stone with stone reliefs glorifying both Vishnu in various avatars and Suryacarman 2nd.
F: Purpose was to associate the king with his personal god, in this case, Vishnu.
C: Has five towers that symbolize the five peaks of Mount Meru, the sacred mountain at the center of the universe. Has a moat!
DT: None
pg. 187 fig. 6-29
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