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Bio 101 - Chapter 06 - Enzymes
Chapter 6 - Enzymes
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Biology
Undergraduate 1
06/22/2016

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Term
The substances that participates in a reaction are called ___, whereas the substances that forma s a result of a reaction are ____
Definition
Reactants; products
Term
The reactants of an enzymatic reactions are called ____
Definition
Substrates
Term
The reactants in the process of cellular respiration are:
Definition
Oxygen and glucose
Term
What are the components of an ATP molecule?
Definition
3 phosphate groups, adenine, and ribose
Term
What are the reactants in a photosynthetic reaction?
Definition
Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
Term
The molecule that provides the energy to drive endergonic reactions in the body is abbreviated ____
Definition
ATP
Term
The amount of energy that is needed to induce a chemical reaction between molecules is called:
Definition
Energy of activation
Term
A ____ is an RNA molecule that can catalyze chemical reactions.
Definition
Ribozyme
Term
Free energy is:
Definition
The amount of energy left to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred.
Term
What can decrease the rate of an enzymatic reaction by changing the shape of an enzymes active site?
Definition
Temperature, heat, and noncompetitive inhibitors.
Term
Exergonic
Definition
Energy is released as chemical bonds are broken.
Term
Endergonic
Definition
Energy is consumed as chemical bonds are formed.
Term
A nonprotein, organic molecule that binds to an enzyme’s active site, allowing the enzyme to function is called a:
Definition
Coenzyme
Term
____ use energy from the sun to store energy in carbohydrates.
Definition
Photosynthetic organisms and producers
Term
An enzyme inhibitor is called a ____ inhibitor if it binds to the enzyme’s active site and is called a ___ inhibitor if it binds to an allosteric site.
Definition
Competitive; noncompetitive
Term
The presence of a particular ____ determines which metabolic pathway is being utilized and which product is produced.
Definition
Enzyme
Term
A person walking exemplifies what types of energy being used?
Definition
Kinetic and mechanical
Term
A ____ is a series of linked chemical reactions catalyzed by a specific enzyme for each reaction.
Definition
Metabolic pathway
Term
The ___ law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
Definition
Second
Term
Molecules called ___ are required in our diet and function in the synthesis of coenzymes.
Definition
Vitamins
Term
What are the forms of energy exemplified by storing carbohydrates, proteins and fats?
Definition
Chemical energy, potential energy
Term
Energy is made available for ATP synthesis as ____ ions move down their electrochemical gradient.
Definition
Hydrogen
Term
While ____ is defined as the loss of electrons, ___ is the gain of electrons.
Definition
Oxidation; reduction
Term
What model describes how an enzyme is induced to undergo a slight alteration to achieve optimum fit with its substrate?
Definition
Induced fit model
Term
During cellular respiration, NAD+ accepts electrons during cellular respiration and ultimately transfers them to the ___ where energy for the production of ___ is harvested.
Definition
Electron transport chain, ATP
Term
A ___ may increase the rate of an enzymatic reaction by helping a substrate bind to an active site.
Definition
Cofactor
Term
During cellular respiration, glucose loses electrons and hydrogen atoms and becomes ___ while oxygen gains electrons and hydrogen atoms and becomes ____
Definition
Oxidized; reduced
Term
A site on an enzyme where a non-competitive inhibitor can bind that is separate from the active site is called the ____ site
Definition
Allosteric
Term
The production of ATP due to a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is called ____
Definition
Chemiosmosis
Term
The electron transport chain that functions during cellular respiration is found within the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that are called the ___
Definition
Cristae
Term
A reaction will occur spontaneously if free energy is ____
Definition
Negative (Note: this is due to energy always moving from negative to positive charges)
Term
Each reaction in a metabolic pathway is catalyzied by an:
Definition
Enzyme
Term
A vitamin becomes a part of the structure of a ___
Definition
Coenzyme
Term
During the process of photosynthesis when glucose is formed, electrons (and protons) are transferred from water to carbon dioxide, thus, water has been ____ and carbon dioxide has been ____
Definition
Oxidized; reduced
Term
Reactions which require an input of energy ___________.
Definition
are endergonic
Term
In the reaction A + B --> C + D, the reactant(s) is/are ______________.
Definition
A and B
Term
Enzymes _____.
Definition
bring together specific molecules and causes them to react with each other
Term
The coenzyme ____ accepts electrons, and is therefore reduced, during cellular respiration
Definition
NAD+
Term
During cellular respiration, glucose loses electrons and hydrogen ions and is therefore _____.
Definition
reduced
Term
The speed of a reaction that involves an enzyme increases as ______.
Definition
substrate concentration increases
Term
RNA molecules that serve as biological catalysts are:
Definition
Ribozymes
Term
In competitive inhibition:
Definition
the substrate and the an inhibitor compete for the active site.
Term
All catalysts are enzymes.
Definition
false
Term
An enzyme works by:
Definition
interacting with the substrate at a key portion of the enzyme called the active site
Term
The process of photosynthesis includes the synthesis of large molecules of glucose from smaller molecules of carbon dioxide. This is an example of:
Definition
anabolism
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